Test 2 Flashcards
What does a sense of self do
It allows you to make comparisons of how you are compared to society. Gives you a sense of awareness, content, schema, and self-esteem
What are the components of self
Ideal, actual, ought, possible, undesired
What is the self reference effect
A tendency to efficiently process or recall information related to the self. Schema is a part of that where we organize and use guides for information processing
Define cognitive dissonance
Conflict between thought and behavior
When there is cognitive dissonance what happens
You attempt to reduce the dissonance by changing your own behavior, change view of yourself, or you change the view of others
What possible outcomes are there when you harm someone with cognitive dissonance
Kahn theory an example is the medical technician made a derogatory remark if he’s allowed to vent that to his boss there’s an increased dislike and hostility towards the person he made the remarks about yet if he’s not given a chance to vent then the dislike and hostility is not increased
How can Cognitive dissonance be applied in real life situations
When someone has to do something that goes against what they believe there’s a dissonance that just created
What is the over justification effect
Deals with intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation. there’s a sense of I am free, strong external motivators: been doing it because of that., without external motivators: i’m not doing it. implications: be gentle and rewards and punishment
Explain believe in a just world
If someone’s in a bad situation we tend to think that he deserved it or it’s his fault something that they did but them in that situation. In other words the world is fair and people get what they deserve
Explain Defensive attribution
Self-serving - success is internal and failure is external
What about social comparison
We use downwards social comparison to feel better so we look at somebody who is worse off than we are yet we use upward social comparison when we want self-improvement. BIRG = basking in reflective glory
What are the various self-esteem maintenance behaviors
Basking in reflected glory, cognitive dissonance, self handicapping, defensive attributions, symbolic self completion, over justification effect, and belief in a just world
What is self handicapping
Deliberate creation of conditions by which failure can be attributed to causes outside persons control. An example would be if you went to a party and drank the night before a test and you don’t do well on the test you can say that it wasn’t you it was because you stayed out late. (failure is always external causes)
Explain symbolic self completion
The basic assumption behind the process is that the various symbolic indicators of a person self-definition maybe substituted for one another (social identity is linked to self-esteem) for example if a ballplayer loses his advantage because of his age and then he’s going to start focusing in on something else that he does well
What do we want to believe about ourselves
We are good, free, deserving
Explain self focus and behavior
When reminded of values we’re less likely to do wrong
What was the take away message and Dan Ariely’s ted talk predictable Irrationality
You should always question your intuition because what you think might be the best way to do it may not be the best way to do it
Self discrepancy theory
There are three Selves 1) your actual self which is you today 2) ideal self who you want to be 3) ought self who you should be
What is the process of your three selves
You have your actual self when you’re sad and dejected think about your ideal self and then you have your ought self when there’s guilt and fear and shame because you think you should be a certain way it goes right back to your ideal self
What are the two parts that self is composed of
Awareness and content
Why might we want to take control at the environment
The more perceived control we have a less stress that there is on us
What is the illusion of control
Because people have a motive to master the environment they sometimes imagine that they have a greater control over events than is actually the case. For example someone may think they have a higher chance of winning the lottery if they picked out the numbers themselves rather than the numbers be electronically given to them
A mildly and severely depressed individual appears to be less vulnerable to the illusion of control is this true or false
True