Test 1

Question 0

What are three behaviors that we use to describe motivation

Answer 0

Initiation intensity and persistence

Question 1

What is motivation about

Answer 1

The why of behavior

Question 2

What are the three steps in the process of motivation

Answer 2

1. Defining a goal to which the person aspires. (goal selection)
2. Choosing a course of action leads to attainment of the goal. (behavior selection, intention)
3. Carrying out the chosen course of action. (behavior implementation)

Question 3

What are antecedents of motivation

Answer 3

Personal need and environmental demand

Question 4

Explain personal need

Answer 4

An inside desire that creates an action towards a goal. Example is a mother wants to feel nurturing to their child they go to the crib and look at the child lovingly

Question 5

Explain environmental demand

Answer 5

And outside factor demanding action. Example is there smoke coming out of a babies bedroom the mother rushes and gets the child to takes it to safety

Question 6

How is intensity of behaviors

Answer 6

Through the expenditure of effort

Question 7

Where does human motivation take place

Answer 7

In social settings. This follows with the concept of truism

Question 8

Define hedonism

Answer 8

The doctrine that human behavior is animated by the search for pleasure (instant gratification, live in the now)

Question 9

Define stoicism

Answer 9

The virtual voluntarily bringing one’s life into conformity with the laws of nature

Question 10

What impact did Christianity have on motivation

Answer 10

Basically pointed out that there’s free will and you have a choice it’s not just biological

Question 11

In the middle ages what was the primary concepts for motivation

Answer 11

Voluntarism along with the Christianity free will

Question 12

What is voluntarism

Answer 12

Human beings are conscious and aware of what they are doing. Body and soul with the option to choose.

Question 13

Explain materialism

Answer 13

Human beings can initiate nothing on their own just as a machine cannot go into motion until it is activated by some outside source. (Physiological psychology and evolution)

Question 14

What is the difference between idiographic and nomothetic

Answer 14

Idiographic is unique where you study one person whereas nomothetic you study groups and find out the similarities

Question 15

Daniel Pink Ted Talk, what do scientist know vs what businesses do

Answer 15

Incentives do not work or may do harm. Extrinsic motivators is what businesses do (incentives) this only works for simple sets of rules to solve the problem but not for more critical problem solving.

Question 16

Explain the scientific perspective on motivation

Answer 16

Behavior is caused and we can understand it and explain it

Question 17

Define empiricism

Answer 17

Learning is emphasized. Experience is the basis of knowledge

Question 18

What are the modern approaches to motivation

Answer 18

Need theories, drive, growth, humanistic, and cognitive

Question 19

What is the unconscious approach to understanding motivation

Answer 19

Instinctual, biological, Freudians

Question 20

Explain the need theory

Answer 20

Instead of a specific instinct for every behavior, a small set of needs my instigate all behavior as the Maslow pyramid chart suggest or thematic appreciation test or Murray (affiliation, achievement, power)

Question 21

Explain drive as a modern approach

Answer 21

The type of behaviorism where behavior is result of deprivation or like the Bandura study where the children are with the clown punch bag

Question 22

What is a metaphor for motivation

Answer 22

Motivation is meaning to move from the Latin word movere

The idea of emotion has a connotation of expenditures of effort and the conversion of potential energy to actually energy

Question 23

Defined structuralism

Answer 23

psychology address itself mainly to the structure and content of human experience as revealed through the method of introspection. A metaphor in theories of cognitive structure and conceptualization of memory in terms of discrete compartments in which different memorial units are stored

Question 24

Define homeostasis

Answer 24

A reflex process by which the body adjusted changing conditions with offsetting physiological changes. Normal state is therefore the one that the body desires works for

Question 25

Incentive is what

Answer 25

Internal want plus external opportunity

Question 26

Utility equals what

Answer 26

E times V or expectancy times value

Question 27

Define utility theory

Answer 27

It assumes rationality feasibility or attainability and it assumes we never used top-down module

Question 28

What is top-down modulation

Answer 28

Internally driven attention

Question 29

What is bottom up processing

Answer 29

Externally driven attention

Question 30

Explain Lieberman and trope studies

Answer 30

Feasibility versus desirability and near versus distant future

Question 31

What’s the difference between concrete and abstract

Answer 31

Concrete is actual action how to do something abstract is broad and it tells why

Question 32

Describe action identification theory

Answer 32

Lays out abstract why the behavior concrete is how to behave

Question 33

Describe goal content as in hierarchical structure (vallacher & Wagner)

Answer 33

The more difficult the goal the higher the effort level is to obtain that goal. The more complex the goal is the more we think about the concrete goals or how to determine if chang is needed

Question 34

Abstraction level must meet situational demands to be effective

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Explain goal characteristics

Answer 35

Value, difficulty, complexity, commitment are all impacts to effort

Question 36

What are some effects of goals

Answer 36

Influences arousal, cognition, and behavior

Question 37

What is goal conflict

Answer 37

The actions for some goals may impede Actions towards other goals

Question 38

What is goal ambivalence

Answer 38

Non-commitment simultaneous acceptance and rejection

Question 39

Leon Fesringer’s study when prophecy fails

Answer 39

Consistency is good. That effort justification method where if you do something At a minimum you justify your efforts

Question 40

Discuss locus of control

Answer 40

There is internal and external factors stable or unstable and controllable or uncontrolled.