Test 2

Question 1

T or F: Genomes are found in eukaryotic cells, but not found in prokaryotic cells.

Answer 1

This statement is false

Question 2

Hox genes of fruit flies and butterflies have highly conserved sequences and are involved in determining ..?.. in these species.

Answer 2

embryonic development patterns

Question 3

Ubx (ultrabithorax) is a gene that acts as a “genetic switch”. In fruit flies, this gene switches “off” the gene controlling:

Answer 3

the production of wings on the T3 segment

Question 4

Of the following anatomical structures, which one is homologous to the front leg of a cat?

(i) the pelvic bone of a snake
(ii) the tail fin of a fish
(iii) the wing of a butterfly
(iv) the arm of a human
(v) the paw of a dog

Answer 4

(iv) the arm of a human

Question 5

Biologist have discovered that, in many places of the world, freshwater sticklebacks have a mutated form of the Pitx1 gene, which results in the inability of the body to produce pelvic and dorsal spines. They believe this mutation is favored by natural selection because:

Answer 5

there is less predation pressure in freshwater habitats compared to saltwater habitats

Question 6

Studies of molecular evolution have revealed that multicellular organisms generally have ..?.. than unicellular organisms, but most of their genomes consists of ..?..

Answer 6

larger genomes

noncoding DNA

Question 7

What process results in a cell acquiring multiple, duplicated copies of genes?

Answer 7

polploidy

Question 8

All the proteins of the globin gene family function in some way to:

Answer 8

carry oxygen molecules

Question 9

When developing phylogenetic trees, it is most important to consider ..?.. when establishing the relationships between the species.

Answer 9

shared derived characters

Question 10

T or F: In the Linnaean classification system, he uses three domain taxa in his classification scheme.

Answer 10

false

Question 11

T or F: The proper way to publish the scientific name of the gorilla is Gorilla gorilla.

Answer 11

this statement is false

Question 12

What have biologist learned from studying the fossil record?

Answer 12

Fossilized remains of organisms can reveal ancestral characters in lineages.

Question 13

The Paleozoic era is characterized by:

Answer 13

a sudden diversification of many animal groups.

Question 14

The half-life of a particular radioisotope is 5000 years. How many years would have to pass for an 80g sample of the radioisotope to decay to a 10g sample of that radioisotope?

Answer 14

15,00 years

Question 15

What is the accuracy rate for radiometric dating techniques?

Answer 15

+ or - 10%

Question 16

One consequence of the movement of the continental plates has been ..?.. where plates collide into one another.

Answer 16

the formation of mountain ranges

Question 17

Evidence suggest that about 250 million years ago, all of Earth’s landmasses were consolidated together in one large continent that has been called:

Answer 17

Pangaea

Question 18

The extinction of the dinosaurs coincided with the:

Answer 18

crash of an asteroid or meteor into the area known as the Gulf of Mexico

Question 19

Based on radiometric dating information, the age of the earth is approximately ..?.. old

Answer 19

4.6 billion years

Question 20

The origin of cells on Earth occurred during the ..?.. period.

Answer 20

Precambrian period

Question 21

T or F: The first cells on Earth were prokaryotic.

Answer 21

This statement is true

Question 22

The oldest fossils of life forms have been discovered by careful microscopic examination of:

Answer 22

stromatolites

Question 23

T or F: Alexander Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane independently developed hypothesis about the origin of life on this planet. This hypothesis concluded that oxygen gas was an important component in Earth’s early atmosphere.

Answer 23

This statement is false.

Question 24

T or F: Stanley Miller performed experiments in 1953 to show that biologically-important molecules could have arisen in Earth’s early oceans, given conditions hypothesized by Oparin.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The “protocells” created by Sidney Fox in his laboratory in 1958 were similar to living cells, except that “protocells”:

Answer 25

could not reproduce, but live cells could

Question 26

Biologist believed that the first nucleic acids appear in cells were ..?.. molecules.

Answer 26

RNA

Question 27

If a microbiologist says that a particular bacteria species is a “staphylococcus,” he must mean that the cells are:

Answer 27

round and arranged in grape-like clusters

Question 28

Which of the following structures is found in all bacteria species?

(i) lipopolysaccharide
(ii) nucleus
(iii) ribosome
(iv) capsule
(v) flagellum

Answer 28

(iii) Ribosome are found in all bacteria

Question 29

What is the process by which bacteria reproduce?

Answer 29

binary fission

Question 30

X-rays can be effective at sterilizing bacteria on surfaces. What is the mechanism by which X-rays kill bacteria?

Answer 30

formation of free radicals

Question 31

Clostridium perfringens is an endospore-forming bacteria species. This organism is anaerobic and normally found in the soil. In what conditions would C. perfringens be most likely to form endospores?

Answer 31

during shortages of water

Question 32

Identify the bacteria: These bacteria obtain their nutrition from the material found on our skin.

Answer 32

skin flora

Question 33

T of F: One characteristic that makes the prokaryotes classified as Archaea unique is the unusual phospholipid monolayer found in the plasma membrane of some species.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

In 2009, scientists discovered 17 different species of bacteria living in the iron-rich waters of blood falls, an outflow of a subglacial sea in Antarctica. What term best describe these bacteria?

Answer 34

extreme thermophiles

Question 35

Lynn Margulis’s Endosymbiotic Theory explains the origins of eukaryotic cells - including the origins of membrane-bound organelles - from the interactions between prokaryotic cells. Do mitchondria and chloroplast have outer, folded membrane surrounding an inner, smooth membrane?

Answer 35

No, They have their own DNA, ribosomes, are self reproducing, and are about the same size as a bacteria cell.

Question 36

Some protists, such as Paramecium, are covered by an elaborate structure composed of an outer membrane and an inner layer of closely packed, membrane-enclosed sacs. This covering is called a:

Answer 36

pellicle

Question 37

For protists that reproduce by budding, the offspring:

Answer 37

are genetically identical to the parent organism.

Question 38

Previous classification schemes for the protists were based primarily on:

Answer 38

method of locomotion