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Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

A

Neurotransmitters

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1
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

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2
Q

What are the Neurotransmitters

A

Catecholamines
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

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3
Q

What halts the sympathetic nervous system

A

Enzymes re uptake pump liver metabolism

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4
Q

What are the two enzymes that halt the sympathetic nervous system ?

A

MAO

COMT

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5
Q

What are the receptors that stimulate sympathetic nervous system

A

Alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1 beta 2

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6
Q

What does the alpha 1 do

A

Primarily smooth muscle contraction vasoconstriction

decrease motility of GI tract

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7
Q

What does the beta 1 do

A

Increase cardiac output

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8
Q

What does beta 2 do

A

Relax smooth muscles

Dilate arteries

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9
Q

What are the adrenergic agents (agonists)

A

Alpha 1 beta 1 beta 2

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10
Q

What does adrenergic mean

A

Working in sympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

What is the indication of alpha 1

A

Hypotension

Nasal congestion

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12
Q

What is the indication for beta 1

A

Cardiac arrest
Heart failure
Shock

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13
Q

What is the indication for beta 2

A

Asthma

Premature labor

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14
Q

What are the contradictions of the adrenergic agents

A

Known allergy and hypertension

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15
Q

What are the side effects of adrenergic agents

A

HA, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria, vasoconstriction, hypertension, tachycardia, palpations, dysthymias

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16
Q

What are the interactions of adrenergic agents

A

Adrenergic blocking agents
Anesthetics
TCA
depression

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17
Q

What do the adrenergic blocking agents do

A

Block receptors to stop adgernergic response

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18
Q

What are indications of alpha 1 blockers

A

Hypertension

BPH

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19
Q

What are indications of beta blockers

A 
Angina
Hypertension
Dysthymias 
Migraines 
Glaucoma
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20
Q

What are the contradictions of alpha blockers

A

Drug allergy, peripheral vascular disease, CAD, renal or liver diseass

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21
Q

What are contradictions of beta blockers

A

Drug allergy heart failure heart block, bradycardia, severe pulmonary disease

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22
Q

What are the side effects of alpha blockers

A

Based on effects on vasculature

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23
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers

A

May mask hypoglycemia

Angina or MI if withdrawn suddenly

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24
Q

What are interactions of adrenergic blocking agents

A

Agonists CV drugs

Anti-cholinergic

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25
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest

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26
Q

What stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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27
Q

What halts the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Cholinesterase

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28
Q

What are the receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Nictonic

Muscarinic

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29
Q

What are the cholinergic agents

A

Direct acting and indirect

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30
Q

What is indierect acting

A

Increase available Ach by inhibiting cholinesterase

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31
Q

What is direct acting

A

Act on receptors straight to receptors

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32
Q

What is the action of cholinergic agents

A

SLUDGE .. Salvation lacatmation urinary incotinence diarrhea gi cramps emesis

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33
Q

What are the indications of cholinergic agents

A

Reduce infra ocular pressure treat GI and bladder disorders treat alhemerizers

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34
Q

What are the contradictions of the cholinergic agents

A

Allergy, GI or GU obstruction, bradycardia, COPD, hypotension

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35
Q

What are the side effects of cholinergic agents

A

Overstimulation of the PSNS

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36
Q

What are the interactions of the cholinergic agents

A

Anticholinergics antihistamines and sympathimimetics

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37
Q

What do the Anticholinergic agent do

A 
(Opposite of cholinergic) 
Pupils dilate 
Decrease GI motility increase HR 
decrease bladder concentration 
Reducing sweating
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38
Q

What are the indications of the anti cholinergic agents

A

Decreasing muscle rigidity and diminish tremors
Bradycardia
Chronic bronchitis
Irritable bowl disease

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39
Q

What are the contradictions of the anti cholinergic agents

A

Allergy, narrow angle glaucoma, acute asthma, GI GU obstruction

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40
Q

What are the side effects of the anti cholinergic agents

A

Increased HR, CNS excitation, restlessness, increased IOP, dry mouth, constipation, DRYING !!!

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41
Q

What are the interactions anti cholinergic agents

A

Antihistamines, phenothiazines, TCA, MAOI

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42
Q

What else are the adrenergic agents called

A

Sympathimimetics

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43
Q

What another name for adrenergic agents

A

Sympatholytics

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44
Q

Another name for cholenergic agent

A

Parasympathomimetics

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45
Q

What another name for anti cholenergic agents

A

Parasympatholytics

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46
Q

What is pain

A

Subjective whatever patient tells you

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47
Q

What is pain threshold

A

Psychical element

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48
Q

What is pain tolerance

A

Pyshological element

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49
Q

Chronic pain

A

Long term … Example joint back pain

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50
Q

Acute pain

A

Short term … Appendicitis

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51
Q

What is adjuvant therapy

A

Assist primary agents in relieving pain

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52
Q

What is drug tolerance

A

Pattern of compulsive drug you needs drug all the time would have withdraw symptoms

53
Q

What is a placebo

A

New med being tested

54
Q

What are withdraw symptoms

A

Rebound pain, tachycardia, high BP,

55
Q

What are symptoms of opioid withdraw

A

Amenity, irritability, chills, hot flashes, joint pain, abdominal cramps, diarrhea

56
Q

Another name for opioid

57
Q

What is the action of an opioid

A

Acheive beneficial effects by their action of the CNS

58
Q

What are the indications of opioids

A

Alleviate severe to moderate pain

Cough suppressant

59
Q

What are condridictions of opioids

A

Allergy
Asthma
Respiratory insuffancy
Pregnancy

60
Q

What are side effects of opioids

A

Euphoria, dizzy, lightheaded, sedation constipation, hypotension, constipation, respiratory depression

61
Q

What are the interactions of opioids

A

Alcohol or any CNS depressant

62
Q

What are the opioid drugs ?

A 
Morphine
Dilaudid
Demerol
Codenine
OxyContin
Ultram(tramadol)
63
Q

What are the combination drugs

A

Percocet

Vicodin

64
Q

What is Percocet made of

A

Oxycoden and Tylenol

65
Q

What is Vicodin made of

A

Hydrocodene and Tylenol

66
Q

What is a good patient teaching the combo opioids

A

Do not take additional over the counter Tylenol

67
Q

What does a partial opioid agonist do

A

Block mu receptors
No euphoria
Still potent

68
Q

What is an example of a opioid partial agonist

69
Q

What is an example of an opioid antagonist

70
Q

What is the function of an opioid antagonist

A

Block opioid receptors

71
Q

What is narcan used for

A

Give to people who are unconsciousness

72
Q

How Many times can you give narcan

A

Till opioid is out of system .. Drug has short half life

73
Q

When you are opioid dependent what’s a good drug to give

A

Methadone and suboxone

74
Q

What does methadone do

A

Prevents withdraw symptoms .. Still a opioid

75
Q

What is a none opioid analgesic

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

76
Q

Tylenol is a

A

Analgesic antipyretic but not anti inflammatory

77
Q

What are the indications of Tylenol

A

Fever

Mild to moderate pain

78
Q

What happens with Tylenol overdose

A

Hepatic necrosis … Lethal overdose

79
Q

What is the antidote for Tylenol

A

Acetylcysteine ( mucomyst)

80
Q

Describe mucomyst

A

Oral liquid smells like rotten eggs

81
Q

What are the two types of anti inflammatory agents

A

Steroids

NSAIDS

82
Q

What are indications of steroids

A

Bronchial, allergic or joint inflammation

83
Q

Why are steroids not used much

A

Lots of side effects

84
Q

What do NSAIDS posses

A

Analgesic, anti inflammatory, anti rheumatic, antipyretic

85
Q

What is the most widely used NSAID

86
Q

What do NSAIDS effect

87
Q

What is the action of NSAIDS

A

Contributs to symptoms of pain inflammation fever

88
Q

What are the indications of NSAIDS

A 
Pain
Gout
Inflammation 
Fever 
Arthritis
89
Q

What are the contradictions of NSAIDS

A

Allergy
Not third trimester
Bleeding disorders

90
Q

What are the side effects of NSAIDS

A

GI distress

Renal failure

91
Q

What are the interactions of NSAIDS

A

Alcohol
Steroids
Hypotension agents
Diuretics

92
Q

Toxicity of NSAIDS can cause

A

Tinnitus

Metabolic acidosis

93
Q

What is used to treat toxicity of NSAIDS

A

Activated charcoal

94
Q

What are examples of NSAIDS

A

Salicylates
Ibeuptofen
Cox2 inhibitors

95
Q

What is an example of Salicylates

96
Q

What an example of a cox2 inhibitor

97
Q

What are other NSAIDS

A 
Motrin 
Ibeuprofen 
Napoprosyn 
Indocin 
Toradol
98
Q

What’s the agent to treat migraines

99
Q

What are side effects for Triptans

A

Dizziness drowsiness

100
Q

What is the indicationof antinuerolgics

A

Nerve pain
Neuropathy
Fibromyalgia

101
Q

What are the side effects of antinuerolgics

A

Dizziness ataxia fatigue edema

102
Q

What are examples of antinuerolgics

A

Neurontin(gabapentin)

Lyrica ( pregabapentin)

103
Q

What is an herb for pain

104
Q

What is a muscle spasm

A

Involuntary contraction of muscles

105
Q

What are pharmacological agents to help muscle

A

Analgesics
Anti inflammaotries
Muscle relaxants

106
Q

What is the action of a muscle relaxant

A

Muscle relaxation

Inhibit motor neurons within brain

107
Q

What are the indications of muscle relaxants

A

Muscle spasms, Parkinson’s, MS, cerebral palsy

108
Q

What are condridictions of muscle relaxants

A

Renal impairment

109
Q

What are side effects of muscle relaxants

A

Euphoria, lightheaded dizzy drowsy muscle weakness

110
Q

What are interactions of muscle relaxants

A

Other CNS depressants

111
Q

What are examples of central acting muscle relaxants

A

Flexerill
Robaxin
Nor flex

112
Q

What are examples of direct acting muscle relaxants

A

Dantrium

Botox

113
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Not enough calcium

114
Q

What class of drugs treat osteoporosis

A

Biphosphonates

115
Q

What is the indication of biphosphonates

A

Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

116
Q

What is the main action of biphosphonates

A

Inhibits osteoclasts activity

117
Q

What are the side effects of biphosphonates

A

Nausea dyspepsia jaw pain

118
Q

What are some contradictions of biphosphonates

A

Dysphagia, esophagitis

119
Q

When do you take biphosphonates

A

Morning with 6-8 oz water do not lay down for 30-60 min

120
Q

What are examples of biphosphonates

A

Fosamax
Boniva
Actonel

121
Q

What’s a second line drug to treat osteoporosis

122
Q

What is SED rate

A

Shows infection and inflammation

123
Q

What is the action of disease modifying drugs

A

Decreasing immune system response

124
Q

What is a disease modifying drug

125
Q

What is biological drug

126
Q

What is gout

A

Accumulation of uric acid crystals

127
Q

Where is gout mostly found

A

Big toe and elbows

128
Q

What is indocin used for

A

Treat gout

129
Q

What is zyloprim used for

A

Uric acid inhibitor

130
Q

What herbs are used for miso skeletal

A

Glucosamine capsicum chondroitin

Pharmocology (4 decks)

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