Test 2 1st half Flashcards
The impact of heredity and environment on IQ (intelligence). Be aware of the particular impact of environment in situations of deprivation.
Lack of resources and health care
Both heredity and environment has an effect
Lack of stability of IQ for infants, toddlers and preschoolers
Developmental transformation
o IQ less strategic at younger ages
o More stable the older they are
Kids are difficult to test, scores less predictive
How to interpret a heritability index (i.e., heritability index of .60 = 60% of variability in scores can be attributed to heredity and 40% to environment).
(i.e., heritability index of .60 = 60% of variability in scores can be attributed to heredity and 40% to environment)
• Heritability index- proportion vs. environment contributed to development
o Ex: HE 65% means 65 consisted of heredity and 35% environment
• Twin studies
• Environmental depravation affects IQ early on
• Environment has a specific index
The skills that intelligence/cognitive tests measure
Verbal Nonverbal reasoning working memory processing speed visual spatial skills quantitative (math) skills knowledge • Good psychometric properties o Cognitive ability/problem solving o Memory o Language or verbal skills o Abstract thinking o Non-verbal special intelligence o Quantitative knowledge (math problem solving) o Processing speed o Motor skills • Not measured o Creativity o Personality o Social emotional skills • Gardner Multiple intelligence (cognitive intelligence) o Language o Logical math skills o Visual special skills o Musical skills o Bodily kinetics skills o Intra personal skills (self knowledge) o Social skills o Naturalistic skills • Developmental transformation o IQ less strategic at younger ages o More stable the older they are
Intelligence tests must be administered by a ______ or _______________.
Certified Psychologist Licenced psychologist • Individually administered • By highly trained professional (psychologist) • Norm referenced • Standardized (highly trained)
The Flynn Effect
IQ scores are rising over time. Therefore, as tests are re-normed, they become harder. Everyone will score higher on an older version of an IQ test and lower on a newer version. Individuals scoring in the Borderline and Intellectually Disabled range are particularly affected and lose an average pf 5.6 points on the re-normed tests. Therefore, due to the Flynn Effect, more individuals will be diagnosed with an Intellectual Disability.
Flynn Effect- More individuals meet criteria for intellectually disability and classified with ID (intellectual disability)
IQs scores have been going up over time
• Health care
• Nutrition
• Increase pre-schooling (schooling)
As a result test have to be periodically re-normed
• Older test easier
• Newer test are harder
o Everyone does worse on newer test
• Students in borderline and deficient range scores lower on average of 5.6 point
o Effected the most→ more individuals classified
The WISC-V and what it tests:
children’s cognitive and problem-solving skills.
Cognitive assessment for children
Verbal and nonverbal reasoning
What adaptive behavior encompasses and how is it assessed?
(skills an individual typically performs to take responsibility for self-needs)
(by a third party respondent familiar with the student’s behavior).
• adaptive behavior is skills you need to function independently in your environment in relation to child’s culture
o TYPICAL PERFORMANCE, able but not displaying Capable of cooking and cleaning but wont do it , laziness , lack of motivation
• self care
• communication
• socialization
• coping skills
interview care giver or potential teacher
someone familiar with adaptive behavior
• divorced parent
• Choosing not to clean but has to be displayed over a lot of areas
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and what it assesses
Vineland- assesses adaptive behavior Typical performance • Not ability o Know how to score it o • Basil- 2.. Highest basil is your basil • Everything rounded up to the highest basil 02112 2 would be total
What constitutes a diagnosis of an Intellectual Disability:
sub-average cognitive skills (2 SDs below mean) and significant deficits in adaptive behavior.
IQ 100 SD= 15 (Guadeloupe vs. _____)
• 1. Cognitive disability- 2SD below the mean 70 or less
• 2. Significant deficits in adaptive behavior
Definition of visual-motor integration and what skills the Beery VMI assesses:
Visual motor scores – BERRY
• Visual perception- is the ability to accurately perceive visual environmental stimulus
o Motor coordination- ability to control the small muscles of the body and perform precise movement
o Visual motor integration- integration of visual perception
The difference between screening achievement batteries and diagnostic achievement tests
screening achievement batteries (several academic areas; used to determine academic areas of difficulty)
diagnostic achievement test(usually focused on one academic area; dense content, used to determine specific strengths and weaknesses in content area identified as weak.
Key math know the difficulty already
Academic assessment
• Most important validity is content validity
o Experts in the field
o Grade norms**- assessing in relation to curriculum that they learned
• General achievement batteries (screening tools) (multiple academic areas)
o Diagnostic test that focus on one academic area in great depth
• Experience!!!
What’s the difference between an achievement tests and an aptitude tests?
achievement tests based on curriculum learned
aptitude tests assesses capacity to benefit from instruction
-lack of opportunity to learn
-cognitive and language deficit
What is the most important validity for academic achievement tests?
Content validity
What is it better to use grade norms?
grade norms assess in relation to curriculum that they learned
