2nd half Flashcards
13 classifications of handicapping conditions established by P.L. 94-142?
* 1. Autism both intellectual and impaired social and communication skills • 2. Emotional disturbance • 3. Deaf • 4. Deaf-Blind combination • 5. Hearing impairment • 6. Intellectual disability • 7. Learning Disability • 8. Multiple Disability • 9. Developmental Delay • 10. Other health impairment • 11. Traumatic brain injury • 12. Speech and Language Impairment • 13. Visual Impairment
LRE least restrictive environment?
means that a student who has a disability should have the opportunity to be educated with non-disabled peers, to the greatest extent appropriate.
Nominal scale?
refers to categories/name (# on an athlete’s jersey)
Ordinal scale?
rank order 1+ 2 doesn’t equal 2 +3
o How much is 1st better than 2nd?
interval scale?
1+ 2 = 3+ 4 (interval between 1 and 2 similar to 3 and 4
o Allows more comparisons to be made
• Shoe size
• Which scores correspond
Mean?
• Most central mean (average, typical performance)
o Sum=800 mean=100 # of participants=?
o Very affected by outliers
Medium?
the middle score 50% fall above and 50% fall below
o 2,4,6,8 4+6=?
o Not so effected by outliers
mode?
most frequent score
o 2,2,2,2,3,4,8,12,12,14
o don’t give a fuck about outliers
o least stable or reliable
SD?
most frequently used measure of variability of spread scores
o 1 SD= 68% 34% one half 34% other half
o 2 SD= 95% 47.5% half
o 3 SD= 99.5% 49.7 half
Correlation Coefficient ?
shows degree of relationship between two variables
• 1. Direction
o positive- variables move in the same direction
• more you study
o negative- variable move in the opposite direction
o inverse
• exercise and weight
• 2. Strength
o magnitude or how strong relationship is
• -1.00 - +1.00 strong…. Closer to 0 the weaker the relationship
• 3. Correlation doesn’t not cause causation
Normal Curve
• Mean = medium = mode
• Positively skewed distribution- most students score low
o Tail to the right info to the left
• Negatively skewed distribution- most students score high
o Tail to the left and date to the right
Standard scores? Z- Scores
presents an individuals relative position in terms of test score, assuming a normal distribution
• Shows the mean and how people lie in comparison
o Z- score- mean SD key
• Mean=0
• SD=1
Percentile?
• expresses examinee’s relative position • the percentage of scores • that fall below a particular test score o used to help parent understand the score qualitative descriptions of scores • Uses words • Below average • Low average • Average 90-109 average • high average • superior • very superior o normal range o borderline clinical o clinical range
SEM
estimates how repeated measures of a person on the same instrument tend to be distributed around a true score
• Standard error of measurement has a negative correlation with reliability (consistency of scores)
• Inverse relationship between standard error of measurement and reliability (poor reliability and a high standard error of measurement)
o Good test- high reliability and low standard error of M
• Inverse relationship between SEM and reliabilty
Norms and adequacy?
norm= norm referenced assessment
• individuals performance is compared to a normative sample
adequacy of norms
• 1. Large norm group
• 2. represent all aspects of the population (correct population)
• 3. Relevance of norms to purpose of the testing
o the larger the norm group, the more stable it is
• National Norms
• Specific norms
What am I trying to answer with a norm
