Test 2 Flashcards
Who wrote Nocture in D flat major
Fryderyk Chopin
What did Fryderyk Chopin Write
Nocturn in D flat major Op 27 no 2
What type of piece was Nocturne in D flat major Op 27 no 2
Character piece
Who wrote Trois etude de concert no 3- Un sospiro
Franz Liszt
What did Franz Liszt write
Trois etude de concert no 3
Un sospiro
What movement of Trois etude De concert
3Un sospiro
What genre is Un sospiro
Etude
What did Felix Mendelssohn write
St Paul op 46
No 13 Recitative and Arioso: und zog mit einer shar
And
No 16 Chorale Wachet auf ruft uns die stimme
Who wrote St Paul op 46
Felix Mendelssohn
Who wrote no 13 Recitative and Arioso: und zog mit diner shar
Felix Mendelssohn
Who wrote no 16 Chorale Wachet auf ruft uns die stimme
Felix Mendelssohn
What genre is St Paul op 46
Oratorio
What genre is no 13 Recitative and Arioso: Und Zog mit einer shar
Oratorio
What genre is no 16 Chorale Wachet auf ruft uns die stimme
Oratorio (chorale)
What movements of St Paul
No 13, Recitative and Arioso: Und zog mit einer shar
No 16: Chorale Wachet auf ruft uns die stimme
Who wrote II Barbieri di Siviglia
Gioachino Rossini
What did Gioachinno Rossini write
II Barbieri di Siviglia
Who wrote Act I No 7 Una Voce poco fa
Gioacchino Rossini
What genre is II Barbieri di Siviglia
Opera buffa
What genre is Act 1 no 7 Una voice poco fa
Opera buffa
What movement of II Barbieri Di Siviglia
Act 1 no 7 Una voice poco fa
Who wrote Tristan and Isolde
Richard Wagner
What did Richard Wagner Write
Tristan and Isolde
What movement of Tristan and Isolee
Prelude
Who wrote Prelude
Richard Wagner
What genre is Tristan and Isolde
Opera
What genre is Prelude from
Opera
What did Brahmes write
Symphony no 4 in E minor Opm98
Who wrote Symphony no 4 in E minor op 98
Johannes Brahms
What movement of Symphony no 4 in E minor op 98
- Allegra energico e pasionato
What genre is Symphony no 4 in E minor op 98
Symphony
What genre is 4. Allegra energico e pasionato
Symphony
Who wrote La Traviata
Giuseppe Verdi
What did Giuseppe Verdi write
La Traviata
What act/movement of La Traviata
Act III
Recitative: Signora
Duet: Parigio
What genre is La Traviata
Opera
What genre is Recitative:Signora
Recitative: Opera
What genre is Duet Parigio
Aria- Opera
What did Claude Debussy write
Nocturnes no 1
Nuages
Who wrote Nocturnes no 1 Nuages
Claude Debussy
What genre is Nocturnes no 1 Nuages
Symphonic poem
What did Gustave Mahler write
Kindertotenlieder
Who wrote kindertotenlieder
Gustave Mahler
What movement of Kindertotenlieder
No 1
Nun will die Sonn’ so he’ll aufgen’h
Who wrote No 1 Nun will die Sonn’ so hell aufgeh’n
Gustave Mahler
What genre is no 1 Nun will die Sonn’ so hell aufgeh’n
Orchestra song cycle
What genre is kindertotenlieder
Orchestra song cycle
Who wrote Recitative Signora
Giuseppe Verdi
Who wrote Duet: Parigio
Giuseppe Verdi
Who wrote 4. Allegra Energico e pasionato
Johannes Brahms
Who wrote 3. Un Sospiro
Franz Liszt
Gioacchino Rossini CONTRIBUTIONS
Leading composer of early 19th century
Huge influence on opera composers from other countries (Germany France)
Wrote out vocal ornamentation beginning the move to limit improvisation
Where Frederic Chopin from
Polish French
What did Frederic Chopin typically compose
Uniquely idiomatic piano music
Many piano character pieces
Polish dances
Frederic Chopin contributions
Reinterpreted etude into music genre, not simply a “technical study” piece
Utilized chromatic harmony that frequently moved non-traditionally (half steps, thirds, instead of around circle of fifths)
Character piece
Single movement instrumental work with programmatic title
Rubato
Pushing and pulling of tempo improvisatory
Franz Liszt jobs
Performer that wanted to emulate Paganini
Composer of piano, orchestral music
Richard Wagner contributions
Redefined opera into “music drama”
Everything more dramatic and music and acting worked more intricately
Expanded orchestra
Homogeneous groups
Emphasis on brass/woodwinds
Required deeper technical skills (very hard)
Developed harmonic language that greatly extended and ultimately weakened functional tonality
Increased chromaticism and dissonance and avoidance of cadences
Polyphonic gestures
What did Richard Wagners writing of Opera and Drama due
Enhanced status of Romantic composer
Who took inspiration from Wagners writings
Hitler. The phrasing of Hitlers antisemitic stuff matches Wagners
Felix Mendelssohn
Leading German Composer
Important in “Bach revival” of the romantic era
Notable conductor and musical leader further establishing role ofmcomductor in front of orchestra
Respectedteacher assisted in founding a conservatory in Leipzig
Ludwig Van Beethoven and functional tonality
Functional tonality +
Aggressive use of dissonance
Clever voice leading and harmonies integrated into melody
Felix Mendelssohn
Where from/what do, why important
Leading German composer
Important in Bach revival of Romantic era
Notable conductor and musical leader, further establishing role of the conductor in front of orchestra
Respected teacher. Assisted in founding the conservatory in Leipzig
Mozart in relation to functional tonality
Fully developed functional had,only
Simple “Alberti Style” arpeggiated harmonies in bass
Clear distinction between melody and harmony
Elegant, natural, easily understood harmonies
Frederic Chopin in relation to functional harmony
Adopts language of functional tonality BUUUUTTT
Uses color chords (such as Neapolitan 6) at times in absurd or unclear ways
General emphasis of voice leading over functional tonality
Richard Wagner in relation to functional tonality
Assumes listener has a background in functional tonality of some sort
Emphasis on voice leading (melody is the surface of harmony)
Harmonic motion is complex and at times absurd and hard to hear
Avoids strong cadences and arrival points
Giuseppe Verdi
Italian composer
Largely vocal, mostly opera
Combined romantic practices with Italian opera traditions
Utilized romantic chromatic harmonies, but remained largely tonal (more decorative)
Rejected dramatics or Wagnerianism
Political voice as italy struggled to unite under one king, often in his operas using nationalist segments
Continual variation
Examples
Continually building on initial ideas/motives/etc
Ex. Passacaglia and chaconne
Passacaglia
Repeated bass line that is varied. Upper voices built on top. Usually comber
Chaconne
Based on repeated chord progression
Usually more lively and dramatic
Johannes Brahms
Continual variation characteristic
Great traditionalist of romantic era
Reinterpreted existing ancient techniques and styles
Wrote absolute not program music
Believed that music shouldn’t need a story
Gustav Mahler
Leading post romantic symphonies and a Major song composer
His approach to orchestration lead way for 20th century composers such as Shoenburg
Re known as a conductor with high standards and tyrannical nature
Richard Strauss
Outstanding composer of lieder, symphonic poems, and opera
Was a brilliant orchestrator and published a revised version of Berlioz famous treatise on the subject
Impressionism
Term first used to describe painting styles of Monet, Manet, etc
Impressionism characteristics
Emphasis on color and effect, often at expense of clarity
Representation, not photo realistic
Unusual scale such as modes
extended chords
Prominent parallel fifths and octaves
Free rhythm effects with written out rubato
Programmatic elements
Claud Debussy
Created unique sound which is now called Impressionism
Developed coloristic writing for the piano and was a major composer of piano literature
Maurice Ravel
One of most famous and accomplished composers of his time
Significant piano composer
Impressionist musical language
Symmetrical scales (based on repeating patterns, obscures tonal center
Such as whole tone, octatonic (diminished scale), and chromatic
Planing - parallel harmonic motion (chords, fifths, octaves)
Extended harmonies (9ths, 11ths, 13ths)
Cavatina-cabaletta
Two part aria, slow fast
Program music
Instrumental music with extra musical connotation
Leitmotif
Who created
A musical idea that represents a person place or thing
Created by Wagner in his opera
Symphonic poem
Example
Single movement work for orchestra with programmatic title
Debussy- Nuages (clouds)
Gestamtkunstwerk
Complete art work
Wagner
Story based on, orchestra, costumes, everything everything
Ultimate
Music drama
Warner’s word for opera
All encompassing, whole nine yards
Ballet
Drama portrayed only by music
Nationalism
National identity portrayed through music
Hemiola
Rhythmic device
Usually 2 against three
2 beats in three four
Metric displacement
Down beat usually strongest, but putting weight on different beat
Idiomatic
Examples
Elements/techniques unique to a particular instrument
Piano peddle
Trombone glissando
Nonfunctional tonality
Tonalmusic that doesn’t follow functional tonality
Functional tonality
Every harmony has function
Chromatic harmonic writing
More emphasis on voice leading than function
Symmetrical scales
What do
Patterns repeated before reaching octave
Obscures tonal center
Bach revival
What like before
Started by Delix Mendelssohn
More interest in older “ancient” music
Concerts before then were contemporary
Role of conductor
Previously seen as dispensable
Now able to be hired and paid- teachers, program music, choose tempos/phrasing, leading rehearsal
Orchestration
Referred to as instrumentation
Becoming inscrwqingky important
Planing
Comsecutive harmonies moving in parallel motion, 5ths, 3rds, whatever
Extended harmonies
Harmonies beyond the 7th. 9ths, 11ths, 13ths,
Continuous development
Brahms
Idea gets developed over and over and over
