Test 1 Flashcards
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Occupation
Examples
Influence
Poet considered founder of German Romantic poetry
Text to Gretchen am Spinrade (Schubert)
Niccolo Paganini
Occupation
Personality
Influence
Virtuoso violinist
Flamboyant public lifestyle. Very long hair, tight black clothes at all time
INTENTIONALLY SPREAD RUMORS THAT HE HAD MADE A PACT WITH THE DEVIL SO HE COULD PLAY AS HE DID
Developed many virtuoso techniques for violin
Personified idea of Romantic virtuoso
Romantic era
Most notable ideals
Emotions and feelings govern behavior rather than reason like classical era
Heroic conception (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Peasant as hero
Interest in simple, rural life, nature, pastoral settings
Fascinations with occult, “spirit world”, supernatural, seances, etc
Importance of piano
Age of virtuoso
Emphasis on individuality
Independence of musicians and composers
What governed behavior in romantic era
Emotions and feelings
What were people in the romantic era especially interested in (nonmedical)
Rural life, nature, PASTORAL SETTINGS, simple life, “peasant as a hero”
Occult, “spirit world”, supernatural, seances, etc
Musical interests of Romantic
Importance of piano, virtuoso, independence of musicians and composers, individualism/uniqueness
Extended harmonic structures 9ths, 11ths, 13ths
Expansion of sonata allegro form
Mixing with non-musical influences (poetry, fiction, philosophy, politics)
Ludwig van Beethoven contributions
Great disruptive force in history of western music
Transitional figure from classical to romantic
Model for all romantic composers
Changed status/role of artists
Reinterpreted sonata allegro form
How did Beethoven lead romantic generation
Elevate status of symphony as genre
Expanded orchestra
Expanded expressive capabilities of serious music in general
Beethoven style periods
Early (imitative
Middle (heroic)
Late
One of great disruptive forces in history of music
Beethoven
Style single handily affected musical transition from classical to romantic
Beethoven
First style period of Beethoven
Early, imitative
Second style period of Beethoven
Middle (heroic)
Third style period of abeethoven
Late
Early (imitative) traits of Beethoven
More wei
Individuality through (aggressive) dissonant harmonies
Powerful rhythmic drive
Focus on Developing mastery of classical style
Middle (heroic) traits of Beethoven
Most popular period
Corresponds with learning he will go completely deaf
Heroic conceptions, music often portrays overcoming big obstacles
Full development of mature style
Form, extremes of expression
Example of midle period of Beethoven
Symphony 3 Eroica
Late period Beethoven traits
More reclusive and eccentric
Intimate tone, subtle, unique
Specific styilistic compositional traits in heroic Beethoven
Extreme dynamic contrast and articulation
Effective use of hemiola and metric displacement
Unusual harmonic key areas
bVI
Who wrote Symphony No 3 in E flat major (eroica)?
Ludwig van Beethoven
Who wrote 1. Allegro con Brio?
Ludwig van Beethoven
What movement of Beethoven Symphony 3 in E flat major (eroica)?
Allegro con brio
Symphony No 3 in E flat major (BLANK) movement and descriptors
EROICA
Allegro con brio
Strong. Synphony
What genre is Allegro con brio?
Symphony
Who wrote String Quartet in A minor?
Ludwig van Beethoven
Who wrote 3. Molto adagio?
Ludwig van Beethoven
Who wrote 4. Alla Marcia piu allegro?
Ludwig van Beethoven
Who wrote 5. Allegro appassionato?
Ludwig van Beethoven
What movements of Beethoven String Quartet in A minor?
- Molto adagio
- Alla Marcia piu allegro
- Allegro appassionato
String Quartet in A minor movement 3 descriptors
Molto Adagio
Soft sweet slow chordal rounding
String Quartet in A minor movement 4 descriptors
Alla marcia- pui allegrodotted 8th, 16th, sad violin solo with trills and chord punches in back
String Quartet in A major movement 5 descriptors
Allegro appassionato
Very strong, passionate. ONE and 2 and 3
Quicker
What genre is String Quartet in A major?
String quartet
Who wrote Piano Sonata in C minor (Pathetique)?
Ludwig van Beethoven
Who wrote Grave Allegro di motto e com brio?
Ludwig van Beethoven
What movement of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in C minor (Pathetique)?
- Grave Allegro di motto e com brio
Piano Sonata in C minor movement (BLANK) and descriptors
Pathetique
1. Grave Allegro di motto e com brio
ONE piano- some GRAVE moments. Moves
What genre is Grave Allegro di motto e com brio?
Sonata
Who wrote Gretchen am Spinrade D. 118?
Franz Schubert
Gretchen am Spinnrade D 188 descriptors
Dramatic opera female with rollingbpiano
What genre is Gretchen am Spinnrade D188?
Lied
Who wrote Dichterliebe?
Robert Schumann
Who wrote I’m wunderschonen monat Mai?
Robert Schumann
Who wrote Ich grolle nicht?
Robert Schumann
What movement of Schumann’s Dichterliebe?
Im wunderschonen monat mai
Ich grolle nicht
Im wunderschonen monat mai descriptors
Make dramatic opera slow with SPARSW SIMPLE piano
Ich grolle nicht descriptors
Quicker male solo with denser piano that’s seems to subdivide and highlight important notes of the melody
What genre is Dichterliebe?
Liederkreis (song cycle)
Who wrote Piano Trio in G minor?
Clara Schumann
Who wrote 3. Andante?
Clara Schumann
What movement of Schumann’s Piano Trio in G minor?
- Andante
Piano Trio in G minor movement and descriptors
- Andante
Slow sad piano amd violins that I kinda don’t li, e and cello gets bouncy and dramatic. A little pirate like
What genre is Piano Trio in G minor?
Piano trio
Who wrote Symphonie fantastique?
Hector Berlioz
Who wrote Dance of the Witches Sabbath?
Hector Berlioz
What movement of Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique?
- Dance of the Witches Sabbath
Symphonie Fantastique movement and descriptors
- Dance of the Witches Sabbath
WITCHY, sparse, dark, minor, crude church bells
Woodwinds
Crispy crunchy
What genre is Symphonie Fantastique?
Program Symphony
The lied
German romantic poem set to music
OR
German romantic art song
Forms of Lieder
Strophic
Through composed
Modified strophic
Strophic
Text in verses use same repeated music for each verse
Church hymn
Through composed
New music all the way through lyrics
Modified strophic
Some elements of strophic and some of through composed
How did role of composer change
Wrote to move audiences
Wrote for own reasons and intentions, individuality
Franz Schubert notable things
Succeeded Schuman
Established German lied (art song) as major genre
One of most prolific and talented composers of all time
Robert Schumann contributions
Major composer of romantic era
-especially for piano
Succeeded Schubert as leading composer of lieder (song cycles)
Also known for (critical) writings on his own and others music. -mostly promoting -especially Chopin Mendelssohn Brahms
Song cylce
A set of lieder that go together.
Clara Schumann contributions
First woman regarded as piano soloist
Composer of lieder piano music
Taught piano at Hoch Conservatory of Frankfurt
With Brahms, edited Robert’s unpublished works after his death
Hector Berlioz
Contributions
Leader in programmatic symphonic music in romantic era
wrote a treatise about Instrumentation and orchestration
Important music critic and writer about music
Program music
Instrumental with extra musical connotations
Functional tonality
Every harmony in given key has a function
Orchestration
Instrumental selection in large group instrumental works (Beethoven expanded orchestra, Berlioz contributed
Idee fixe
Melody in symphonie fanatstique that presents “the beloved”
False recqpitialatikn
Example
Recap in wrong key
Beethoven symphony 3
Absolute music
Instrumental music with no extra musical connotations
Thematic transformatikn
Example
Musical phrase is changed through the drama of the work
Beethoven symphony 3 movement 1
Idiomatic
Writing that exploits idiosyncrasies (unique things) of specific instruments
Virtuoso
An individual recognized for unique talents and techniques on a given insturment
Example of early beethoven
Piano sonata 13
Beethoven latenperiod example
String quarter
Where did European music capital move to
Vienna to Paris
What is history
Study/retelling of past
Why is history important
Learn from and avoid future mistakes. Grow off the progress and mistakes of others
How does study of history influence th work and study of musicians and teachers.
Appreciation of lineage and past of music. Cultural heritate.
Influence the listening, playing, and programming of music.
Performance practice- getting as close to the composers intent as possible. Takes the performance and elevates it.
Potential pitfalls knherant in music history
History is mostly stories. The stories can be edited and changed however they want and we wouldn’t notice. People say whatever they want
Ommissions, exaggerations, modification
Why important to know truth in history
How are we supposed to learn from these people (especially from their mistakes) if we don’t actually know what happened? Don’t want to give credit to the wrong person.
BIAS
How protect ourselves from pitfalls of music hisotry
Investigate a variety of sources and compare story
Look for reputable sourceso
Description of some of predominant philosophies of Romantic era and describe how they influenced the music from the era
Individualism: stopped working for people but composing what they wanted. Finding their individual styles to make themselves stand out.
Occult, ghosts, spirits, seances (Berlioz Dance of Witches Sabbath)
Emotions/feelings: The Schummans. Everyone told them 9 years was too much difference, but they were in love. Their music was very dramatic and romantic. Dissonances, extreme contrast, dynamics, rhythmic
Who lied? Why was lied different from what had been written earlier
Schubert, Schumann
More/better piano. More range because if metal frames, peddles
How did lieder represent romantic era philosophies
Poetry- inclusion/fusion of non-musical ideas
Poetry is very dramatic. Overlky emotional. Melodramatic. Pulling at heartstrings
What key is the Beethoven sonata in
C minor
What key is the Beethoven symphony in
Eb major
What key is the Beethoven string quartet in
A minor
What key is the piano trio in
G minor
