Test 2 Flashcards
What was the time period for the Classical Period
1750-1820
Was the Classical period Apollonian or Dionysian
Apollonian
Who were Classical composers
Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven
What was the Romantic time period
1820-1911
Was Romantic Apollonian or Dionysian
Dionysian
Who were Romantic composers
Beethoven, Berlioz, Chopin, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Puccini, Wagner, and Mahler
What was Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven known as
The First Viennese school
What was Haydn known as
The oldest, friend and mentor to Mozart and teacher to Beethoven
How long did Haydn work for a Prince and how did it effect him?
38 years; Gave him a lot of resources and was sightly isolated from the broader musical culture allowing him to write new music.
Hayden is known as the father of what?
The string quartet and symphony
Who was a child prodigy?
Mozart
Where and with who did Mozart tour
He toured Europe performing for kings and queens with his sister
How old was Mozart when he wrote his first piece?
4
How old was Mozart when he wrote his first symphony?
9
How old was Mozart when he wrote his first opera?
17
Who hired Mozart at 17?
Archbishop Salzburg, but he abandoned it when he moved to Vienna
What about Mozart’s death
He died very young, but wrote a lot of much and a huge amount are considered to be masterpieces today
Give facts about Beethoven’s life
Very difficult life including child abuse, death of mother, alcoholic father, hearing loss, bad relationships and his nephew Karl.
What about Beethoven’s work
Nearly everything he wrote is a masterpiece
When did the Romantic period begin?
Began with Beethoven writing music that was bigger and more emotional than Hayden and Mozart
Give facts about Symphonie Fantastique and who wrote it
Written by Berlioz, it is program music about a guy who falls in love with a girl who doesn’t love him back.
What is Idee Fixe
In Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique, it is musical theme that represents the girl
Who was Chopin and what did he write?
A piano composer. Wrote prelude in e minor
Give facts about Brahms
Considered heir to Beethoven. His 1st symphony is considered Beethoven’s 10th. Wrote very similar to Beethoven in terms of development and form
Who was Puccini
A opera Composer. Wrote La Boehme
Give facts about Tchaikosky
A gay man who was afraid of being outed. Had a female patroness who supported his career.
Give facts about Tchaikosky’s Symphony No 5 and 6
Symphony # 5 end triumphantly with lots of energy. Symphony No 6 begins very sadly. Conducted the premiere of #6 and died shortly after
Facts about wagner
Antisemitic, ego maniac, terrible person. Opera composer who pushed music to its breaking point with chromaticism as in Tristan and Isolde
Facts about Mahler
Last composer of romantic era. Conductor of Vienna Opera Orchestra, music wasn’t conducted during Nazi regime because mother was Jewish. Revived by Leonard Bernstein
Name musicians of the Renassance
Gesualdo: Known for chromatic & expressive word painting
Gabrielli: Credited as first composer to use dynamics and specific instrumentation
Name musicians of the Baroque period
Vivalsi: Had a scandalous relationship with a student
Handel: Known for opera and oratorio
Bach: Had 2 wives and 20 children
Name musicians of the Classical period
Hayden: Father of the symphony and string quartet
Mozart: Child prodigy
Beethoven: Was beaten by father, treated his nephew Karl the same.
Name musicians of the Romantic period
Berlioz: Well known music critic and writer before gaining game as a composer
Chopin: Primary composer of piano music
Brahms: Considered heir to Beethoven
Name musicians of the late romantic period
Tchaikovsky: First internationally acclaimed Russian composer
Puccini: Prolific opera composer
Dubussy: Started piano at age 7
Wagner: Revolutionized opera
Name musicians of the atonal period
Schoenberg: Believed in Mahler’s music
Berg: Self taught
Webern: Met Schoenberg while attending Vienna University
Name musicians of the Avant-Garde period
Cage: Fascinated in silence
Stockhaussen: Began studying piano at 7
Crumb: Born in West Virginia
Messiaen: Sees colors when hearing music
Name musicians of the 20th century tonal period
Stravinsky: Born in St Petersberg Russia
Name musicians of the Minimalsm period
Riley: Influenced by John Cage
Adams: Most acclaimed composer still alive
Glass: Wrote 24 operas
Name musicians of the American period
Foster: Father of American Music
Thurber: First patroness of classical music in America
Dvorak: Composed symphony No 9 while in America
Name musicians of the American Classical period
Berlin: Famous tin pan alley composer
Gershwin: Left school at 15 to become song writer
Copeland: Studied with Nadia Boulanger for 3 years
Name musicians of the Jazz period
Joplin: Classicly trained pianist and composer
Armstrong: Trumpet player and singer
Ellington: Both parents were pianists
Davis: Most popular Jazz album in history
