Test #2 Flashcards
Define cyberbullying
The use of digital technologies, such as social media, text messages, emails, or other online platforms, to harass, threaten, or intimidate individuals.
It involves repeated and deliberate hostile behaviors that are intended to harm someone emotionally, psychologically, or socially
List the 7 types of cyberbullying
- Harassement
- Flaming
- Exclusion
- Impersonation
- Outing
- Doxing
- Cyberstalking
Define harassment
sending hurtful, offensive, or threatening messages or comments
Define flaming
posting inflammatory or derogatory comments to provoke others
looking for a rise - can be directed at a group or population
Define exclusion
deliberately excluding someone from online groups, chats, or activities
Define impersonation
pretending to be someone else online to harm their reputation
Define outing
sharing someone’s private or sensitive information without their consent
Sharing it to one person, where doxing is a public action
What is the difference between doxing and outing?
Doxing is shared publicly
Outing is only shared to one person
Define doxing
publishing someone’s private or personal information with malicious intent
Define cyberstalking
continuously and obsessively following and harassing someone online
List the 5 health/negative consequences of cyberbullying
- Emotional distress – cyberbullying can cause severe emotional distress, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem
- Isolation – victims often withdraw from social activities, both online and offline, leading to feelings of isolation
- Academic and professional impact – it can negatively affect schoolwork performance and opportunities
- Physical health – prolonged cyberbullying stress can lead to physical health issues
- Suicidal ideation – in extreme cases, cyberbullying can contribute to thoughts of self-harm or suicide
Discuss establishing trust and rapport in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Create a safe and non-judgemental environment for the patient to share their concerns
Ensure privacy and confidentiality during the conversation
Define active listening in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Encourage the patient to talk about their experiences and feelings related to cyberbullying
Use empathetic listening skills to show understanding and support
Define assessing the situation in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Ask the patient for details about the cyberbullying incidents, including who is involved, where it’s happening, and the nature of the harassment.
Determine the frequency and duration of the cyberbullying.
Define assessing the impact in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Inquire about the emotional and psychological impact of the cyberbullying on the patient.
Pay attention to signs of distress, anxiety, depression, or self-esteem issues.
Ask if the cyberbullying has affected the patient’s daily life, relationships, or school/work performance.
Define safety assessment in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Assess whether the patient is in immediate danger or has any thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
If there’s a concern for their safety, take appropriate steps to ensure their well-being.
Define educate and empower in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Explain the nature of cyberbullying to the patient, ensuring they understand what it entails.
Offer guidance on how to protect themselves online, including adjusting privacy settings, blocking or reporting the cyberbully, and maintaining a record of incidents.
Define offer emotional support in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Validate the patient’s feelings and experiences. Let them know that their feelings are legitimate.
Provide reassurance that they are not alone, and that support is available.
Define collaborative problem-solving in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Work with the patient to develop a plan for addressing the cyberbullying. This may include involving parents or guardians, teachers, or school counselors.
Encourage the patient to share the situation with a trusted adult and offer assistance in doing so.
Define referral and resources in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Depending on the severity and impact of the cyberbullying, consider referring the patient to a mental health professional, counselor, or therapist for additional support.
Provide information about helplines, crisis centers, or support groups that specialize in cyberbullying.
Define follow-up in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Schedule a follow-up appointment with the patient to assess their progress and well-being
Continue to offer emotional support and guidance as needed
Define document in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
Maintain clear and accurate documentation of the patient’s assessment, the details of the cyberbullying, and the actions taken to address it.
Define advocacy and reporting in preventing/intervening with cyberbullying
If necessary, help the patient report the cyberbullying to appropriate authorities, such as school administrators or law enforcement.
Describe the legal implications of cyberbullying and which bill is associated with it
Bill C-13
Amended the criminal code to include provisions related to cyberbullying and the non-consensual distribution of intimate images
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 1 - ethics
Nurses understand their professional and ethical obligation to protect the public and maintain conduct that reflects trustworthiness and that does not harm the integrity of a client, person, employer, another health professional, colleague, or organization, including their online presence
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 2 - legislation
Nurses follow relevant legislation, standards, policy, and employer requirements when using social media and other electronic forms of communication
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 3 - boundaries
Nurses maintain professional boundaries in the use of electronic communication and social media
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 4 - professionalism
Nurses maintain professionalism when using social media
i.e., using hate speech online, getting into arguments in the comments
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 5 - requirements
Nurses follow employer requirements the use of social media in their practice setting
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 6 - comments/posts
Nurses ensure any posts and comments they make regarding health information is evidence-informed
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 7 - confidentiality
Nurses protect the privacy and confidentiality of their clients when using social media and electronic communication.
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 8 - evidence-informed
Nurses provide evidence-informed health information to clients through professional social media accounts or an employer approved platform and only to those with whom they have a nurse-client therapeutic relationship
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 9 - judgement
Nurses are responsible to use their professional judgment with respect to their online presence and avoid posts or comments that could be considered negative, disparaging, or demeaning.
Discuss social media/e-professionalism guideline 10 - competency
Nurses are competent in the use of social media and understand the risks and benefits of its use.
List/describe the 6 Ps for principles of social media e-professionalism
Professional - Act professionally at all times
Positive - Keep posts positive
Patient/person-free - Keep posts patient or person free
Protect yourself - Protect your professionalism, your reputation, and yourself
Privacy - Keep your personal and professional life separate, respect privacy of others
Pause before you post - Consider implications, avoid posting in haste or anger
Define big data
Refers to the massive volume of structured and unstructured data that is generated every day.
Why is big data important?
It’s not the size of the data that is important, but how organizations can use it effectively to extract insights and make better decisions.
List the 5 Vs of big data
Volume, velocity, variety, veracity and value.
Why is big data broadly important for health care?
It has become increasingly important in healthcare to understand patterns and trends in diseases and population health. Harnessing the power of big data can lead to improved decision-making and better client outcomes
Use trends and patterns of disease to help/guide predictions for the future
Define volume in big data
Refers to the sheer size of the data generated or collected
i.e., emails sent nationally per day, business transactions per day
Define velocity in big data
Represents the speed at which data is generated, collected, and processed
i.e., how quickly a post becomes analyzed after posted
Define variety in big data
Encompasses the diverse types of data, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data
i.e., structured is health data, unstructured is anecdotal nursing handwritten notes
Define veracity in big data
Refers to the quality and trustworthiness of the data
Define value in big data
Represents the importance of extracting meaningful insights and value from the data
i.e., big data is only as valuable as the information it provides (such as disease patterns)
List 9 benefits of big data
- Improved patient outcomes
i.e., predicts trends in health issues that may occur on a seasonal basis (MIs in winter months) - Predictive analytics for disease prevention
i.e., rise of COVID in certain areas and managing/staffing appropriately - Efficient resource management
Enhanced clinical decision-making - Personalized medicine
i.e., can tailor treatment plans to each person based on previous trends - Remote patient monitoring
- Population health management
- Research and development
- Cost reduction
- Fraud detection and prevention
List 10 risks of big data
- Privacy concerns
i.e., unauthorized access, inappropriate handling of information - Security threats
- Data accuracy and quality
i.e., inaccuracies could lead to a flaw analysis - Bias in data sampling
i.e., could be due to demographic imbalances and perpetuate stigma/discrimination - Lack of standardization
- Ethical concerns
i.e., informed consent or lack thereof when analyzing/collecting data - Regulatory compliance
- Stigmatization and discrimination
- Data ownership and control
i.e., we don’t own our own data and are unsure who truly does - Overreliance on technology
Define interoperability of standardized clinical terminology
This ensures that information can be shared and understood consistently across different healthcare systems and settings.
Define precision and clarity of standardized clinical terminology
This helps in reducing the risk of miscommunication and enhances the clarity of medical documentation.
Define structured data of standardized clinical terminology
This structured approach allows for better organization and retrieval of data, supporting healthcare professionals in making informed decisions.
Define granularity of standardized clinical terminology
Allowing for detailed and specific representation of medical concepts. This granularity is crucial for capturing the complexity and nuances of healthcare information.
Define coding schemes of standardized clinical terminology
These codes are systematically assigned to specific terms, providing a standardized way to encode and categorize information.
Define updates and maintenance of standardized clinical terminology
Standardized clinical terminologies are typically dynamic and undergo regular updates to incorporate new medical knowledge, emerging technologies, and changes in healthcare practices.
Define adoption by healthcare systems of standardized clinical terminology
For a standardized clinical terminology to be effective, it needs widespread adoption by healthcare systems, EHR (Electronic Health Record) vendors, and other stakeholders. This promotes consistency and uniformity in healthcare data management.
Define compliance with standards of standardized clinical terminology
Standardized clinical terminologies often align with international standards and guidelines. This compliance helps in achieving consistency in healthcare data representation on a global scale.
Why is standardized clinical terminology important?
Learn the importance of using a common language when conveying patient data to other professionals
Standardized Clinical Terminology allows for accurate and efficient communication, leading to the best possible patient outcomes. For example, using the term “myocardial infarction” instead of “heart attack” eliminates any confusion or ambiguity between healthcare professionals.
Define standardized clinical terminology
A uniform language used to describe healthcare data, ensuring consistency and accuracy across the industry.
Describe why standardization and adaption of clinical terminology is important
Standardization of clinical terminology is essential for the healthcare industry to provide effective and efficient care. Standardized terminologies lead to better communication between healthcare providers and improved patient outcomes
While standardization is important, it is equally important for terminologies to be adapted to meet the needs of specific healthcare settings and patient populations.
Describe coding in standardized clinical terminology
Assigning unique codes to medical terms in order to simplify the data retrieval process and improve communication between healthcare providers.
With standardized clinical terminology, the quality of healthcare is improved and the efficiency of sharing patient data is enhanced. It is important to have a universal language in healthcare as it helps in comparing and analyzing data from different healthcare providers and institutions.
How does the WHO define Telehealth?
“the delivery of health care
services, where patients and providers are separated by distance. Telehealth uses ICT [information and communications technology] for the exchange of information for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries, research and evaluation, and for the continuing education of health professionals”
List 5 benefits of patient portals
- Communication
- One-stop shop
- Safety
- Patient care is the ultimate focus
- Reduced medical errors
Define a patient online portal
Patient portals give patients safe and secure online access to their personal health information and the ability to manage aspects of their own health care.
They also can help patients and clinical teams interact in a more meaningful way to create better patient outcomes.
List 7 reasons why individuals may use patient portals
- Exchanging secure e-mail with your health care team
- Requesting prescription refills
- Scheduling non-urgent appointments
- Checking your benefits and coverage
- Updating your contact information
- Making payments
- Downloading or completing intake forms
Define Telehomecare
The delivery of healthcare services to patients at home through the use of telecommunications technologies, which enable the interaction of voice, video, and health-related data.
The management of care is done from an external site by a healthcare professional.
What are 6 professional risks nurses may open themselves up to when providing care via telepractice?
- Not staying within practice, applying telepractice where not appropriate or when client needs exceed knowledge/skill/judgement
- Conflicts of interest
- Not complying with professional standards
- Unsafe use of telepractice technology or not complying with privacy legislation
- Improper communication skills
- Inaccurate, incomplete documentation
What are 8 recommendations for health care providers to consider within their nursing practice for creating culturally safe digital environments?
- Considering accessibility
- Recognizing gender identity
- Considering the background/office space
- Assessing for signs of IPV (intimate partner violence)
- Considerations for individuals with caregivers
- Considerations for older adults
- Reducing language barriers
- Reducing healthcare provider mistrust
List 6 reasons why Telehomecare may be used
- Education
- Emotional/social support
- Chronic disease management
- Triage in lieu of an ER visit
- Follow-up assessments
- Medication consultations
Define virtual care
Any form of health care that is not provided in person
List the 5 benefits of virtual health care
- Can access care from almost anywhere
- May save an individual time and money
- Can help reduce the spread of germs - reduce contact
- Family or support workers can join from anywhere
- More convenient support
Does technology always has a positive impact on the environment? (T/F). Provide one benefit and one negative
False
Decreased pollution from commuting or producing paper, the impact of technology should not be neglected. For example – computers and smart phones require precious metals to produce. The process to extract these metals can be intrusive on the environment. Consider the electric car industry - there is still an impact to create the lithium batteries and for ongoing charging. Even the electricity used to send an email contributes to your carbon footprint.
Define genomics
the study of the genes, interaction between genes, and the interaction between one’s genetics and the environment and the influence of other psychosocial factors.
Define genetics
the study of inheritance and association between a genetic variation and a clinical condition.
Define precision health
an approach to are that considers the impact that a person’s unique genetic, genomic and -omic composition have on wellbeing and health within the context of that person’s lifestyle and social, economic, cultural and environmental context.
Define genomic literacy
the capacity to obtain, process, understand, and use genomic information for health-related decision-making.
Define genomics-informed nursing
refers to the integration of genomic information and principles into nursing practice. It involves using knowledge about the structure and function of an individual’s genes and their interactions to guide nursing care, treatment decisions, and patient education. This is becoming increasingly important as advancements in genomic science continue to provide valuable insights into health and disease.
List the 9 ethical considerations about genomics for nursing to consider
- Privacy and confidentiality
- Informed consent
- Autonomy and decision-making
- Cultural competence
- Equity and access
- Psychosocial impact
- Genetic discrimination
- Educational competence
- End-of-life issues
Define privacy and confidentiality in genomics ethics
Genetic information is highly sensitive and personal. Nurses must ensure the privacy and confidentiality of patients’ genomic data, adhering to strict protocols and legal regulations to safeguard this information from unauthorized access.
Define informed consent in genomics ethics
Obtaining informed consent is crucial when conducting genetic testing or incorporating genomic information into patient care. Nurses must ensure that patients fully understand the implications of genetic testing, potential risks and benefits, and the voluntary nature of participation.
Define autonomy and decision-making in genomics ethics
Genomic information may reveal information about a patient’s predisposition to certain conditions. Nurses should respect the autonomy of patients in making decisions about genetic testing, treatment options, and lifestyle choices based on genomic data.
Define cultural competence in genomics ethics
Cultural beliefs and values can influence how individuals perceive and interpret genetic information. Nurses must be culturally competent, taking into account the diverse perspectives and preferences of patients and their families when discussing and utilizing genomic data.
Define equity and access in genomics ethics
There are concerns about the equitable access to genomic testing and interventions. Nurses need to advocate for equal access to genomic services, ensuring that underserved and marginalized populations have the same opportunities to benefit from advances in genomics.
Define psychosocial impact in genomics ethics
Genomic information can have significant psychosocial implications for individuals and their families. Nurses must provide emotional support, counseling, and resources to help patients cope with the psychological impact of genetic testing results.
Define genetic discrimination in genomics ethics
Concerns about genetic discrimination in areas such as employment and opportunities. Nurses should be aware of anti-discrimination laws and work to protect patients from discrimination based on their genetic information.
Define educational competence in genomics ethics
Nurses need to have a sufficient understanding of genomics to communicate effectively with patients and provide accurate information. Continuous education is essential to keep pace with advancements in genomics.
Define end-of-life issues in genomics ethics
Genomic information may have implications for end-of-life decisions. Nurses need to navigate discussions around advanced care planning, respecting patient autonomy and cultural values.
Define nursing informatics
Informatics is the science of how to use data, information and knowledge to improve human health and the delivery of health care services.
It combines the specialties of computer science and information science.
When we apply this to nursing, essentially we are at a crossroads where our specialty nursing knowledge, communication technologies, and data are used to promote health for people, families and populations to support decision making.
What 6 disciplines are part of nursing informatics?
- Clinical information systems implementation
- Systems maintenance
- Education/training
- Data analysis/reporting
- Systems optimization
- Collaboration/leadership
Define electronic medical records
Allow entry and viewing of data within an organization
Used within one health care facility (e.g. An acute care hospital) or team (e.g. primary care team)
Include documentation, medical history, medications, and diagnostic and imaging reports related to one facility or team
Define electronic health records
Allow data entry and viewing across multiple services and across a lifetime (i.e., CC)
An electronic record that provides each individual in Canada with a secure and private lifetime record of their key health history and care within the health system
These records allow nurses, pharmacists, therapist, doctors, and other members of the health care team to view and update a patient’s/client’s health record
Define personal health records
Enables the patient/client to enter, review, and share personal health information (i.e., MyHealthAlberta)
Less comprehensive than an EHR, similar in scope to an EMR but includes different health information
Define information communication technologies
Refers to the use of digital technology to manage and share health information.
i.e., Connect care is an example of ICT
It includes electronic health records, telemedicine, and health information systems.
ICT can improve healthcare access, quality, and efficiency.
List and describe the 5 benefits of EHRs
- Legibility
- Availability - two people can be logged into the same person’s chart at the same time
- Ease of updating
- Storage
- Improved patient safety - flags and alerts regarding allergies, medication contraindications, etc.
List and describe the 3 disadvantages of EHRs
- Upfront costs
- Collaboration of expertise - medical professionals, IT, ethicists collaborating to make EHRs
- Protecting privacy
List 5 advantages of EMRs
- Easy and quick documentation and access to patient/client information
- Improved monitoring by trending and tracking health information
- Access to clinical guidelines and tools
- Tool for health teaching
- Research opportunities: quality improvement and care planning
Define interoperability
Electronic health records being accessible to multiple different healthcare professionals across multiple different health settings
List and describe the 3 Cs of supporting the therapeutic relationship within ICT
Connect - Use eye-contact, names, ask about symptoms instead of relying on what has been recorded, etc.
Collaborate - Ensure the screen is not hidden, ask permission to document during the interaction, explain what you are doing when you access information in the EHR, ask the patient/client for their thoughts on the information, etc.
Close - Remind the patient/client about privacy of information, review main findings, finish with eye-contact, etc.
Discuss access as a privacy risk
Unauthorized and inappropriate access by employees into their employer’s EMR system.
Employees typically have broad access to patient charts to provide health services in accordance with their employment duties. This unfettered access is normally permitted so that relevant personal health information is readily accessible to care providers, especially in emergency situations
Discuss theft as a privacy risk
The theft or loss of computers and portable devices such as laptops, tablets, USB keys, external hard drives, and cell phones can result in the inappropriate disclosure of personal health information.
While the mobility of these devices makes them convenient, it also makes them vulnerable to theft or loss. Where these devices contain personal health information, it is important to verify that the employer permits the use of these devices, and that they have implemented adequate safeguard measures.
Such measures should include user authentication, encryption, malware protection, and remote wiping capabilities to ensure that personal health information is not accessible in the event of device loss.
Discuss disclosure as a privacy risk
The inclusion of more than one person’s health information within a medical record can result in inadvertent and unauthorized disclosure of personal information. Requests for health information must be carefully reviewed to ensure that only the concerned individual’s information is being released.
References to any other patients or individuals should be identified and redacted.
Discuss disposal as a privacy risk
A lack of secure procedures for the disposal of records containing personal information can result in a privacy breach.
While specific obligations vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, privacy legislation generally requires the safe and secure disposal of personal health information.
List 8 ways to risk manage to reduce privacy breaches
- Updating policies and procedures related to access, collection, etc.
- Ongoing training of all staff and volunteers
- Confidentiality agreements assigned to all members that have access to health records
- Adequate technical safeguards (i.e., password protection)
- Implementing security measures to prevent theft/loss
- Limiting access on only a need-to-know basis
- Monitoring access, use, and disclosure of personal information
- Securely and permanently destroying health information when no longer needed
Does the CNA support standardized terminology?
Yes, they state that
Standardized clinical terminologies are essential to discussing and
comparing like concepts across the continuum of care
CNA and CNIA have selected standardized clinical terminologies best suited for documenting, communicating,
aggregating and analyzing the nursing contribution to patient care.
How can standardized terminology impact both the patient and organizational level?
A standardized
nursing assessment methodology that supports the demonstration and comparison of
clinical patient outcomes
Not only is this assessment useful in determining the impact of nursing care for individual patients, it also allows organizations
to establish how well they are managing clinical outcomes
The use of ICTs in nursing practice is associated with increased quality, safety and efficiency in patient care delivery
What are the key findings in the required reading Nursing students’ use of social media in their
learning: a case study of a Canadian School (Giroux & Moreau, 2022)?
The findings demonstrate that participants use social media for formal and informal learn- ing and specifically, as a third space to support their learning outside of formal institutional structures. Social media plays a role in the learning activities of nursing students studying both face-to-face and by distance. Accordingly, social media use has implications for learning theory and course design, particularly regarding creating space for student learning communities.
students use social media to support their formal learning demonstrate social media’s collaborative capacity for knowledge and information exchange for both on-campus and distance students
Moreover, the participants indi- cated that they took a cautious approach to using social media in their formal and informal learning out of con- cern for professionalism implications. Several students indicated that they had been warned about the reper- cussions of unprofessional online behaviour and had adjusted their behaviour accordingly.
What is the ‘third space’ as described in Nursing students’ use of social media in their
learning: a case study of a Canadian School (Giroux & Moreau, 2022)?
being one that emerges in boundaries or overlaps across spheres; they explain that third spaces emerge from a need for discourses that are unavailable or cannot be filled in existing settings.
found that Facebook formed a ‘third space’ that combined elements of academic, per- sonal, and social communication that does not typically take place within conventional university structures or spaces. The findings of this study are similar in the sense that the nursing student participants used social media as a mechanism to collaborate, communicate, teach, and learn when traditional university avenues were unavail- able to them.
