Test 2 Flashcards
What’s radical thought?
involves critique of society & aims to uproot existing power relations
What’s Arbitrary power?
Power that is in some sense discretionary and can be exercised “at the will or pleasure” of the powerholder.
What’s Authority?
Authority: Socially approved power and legitimacy. Weber identified three types of it: traditional, charismatic, and rational-bureaucratic.
What’s Anarchism?
The absence of government at any level. At the international level, the term signals that sovereign states operate in a system in which there is no overarching authority that makes and enforces laws to regulate the behaviour of these states or the behaviour of other actors in world politics.
What’s Capitalism?
Economic system characterized by the private ownership of the means of production, competition among capitalists, production for profit and commodification of labor.
What’s Communism?
An ideology that draws from the socialist critique of capitalism and projects a future society that is classless and no longer under the control of the bourgeoisie.
What’s Consent?
developed by social contract theorists (Hobbes, Rousseau, and Locke). people (the governed) must give their agreement in order to have legitimate authority exercised over them.
What’s the Enlightenment?
generally refers to an 18th century philosophical movement that advanced the ideas of human reason, individualism, and scientific objectivity.
What’s fascism?
radical social movement and form of government that glorifies the nation and advances notions of a master race and the racial superiority of Aryans (White people) and persecution of those deemed inferior or degenerate.
What’s Feudalism?
An agrarian form of social and economic organization characterized by a strict social hierarchy of a monarchy, property-owning aristocracy, the Church, and the landless peasants.
What’s the hegemony?
Antonio Gramsci. the bourgeoisie’s ideological domination of the working class, which results in the persistence of the capitalist system. Hegemony or hegemon is also used to describe the dominant country in the international system.
What’s historical materialism?
A conception of historical and political development, often associated with Marxism, that relates power to the ownership of economic factors, the “mode of production,” and the material organization of society.
What’s illiberalism?
A term that describes governments that, although elected through democratic means, systematically erode human rights, the rule of law, and constitutional principles and norms once in power
What’s Individualism?
A theme that runs through liberal political theory that places emphasis on the rights, profits, and objectives of singular persons
What’s Liberal democracy?
A form and philosophy of rule derived from the Greek demos (people) and kratos (rule), meaning rule by the many, and is usually characterized by elections and the rule of law
What’s Libertarianism?
A political philosophy that includes various strands, from Ayn Rand’s ideas defending selfishness, a lack of empathy, and elite rule, to “softer” variants of individualist anarchism that reject government intervention in the market and social life.
What are the Means of production?
The physical and human factors of economic production processes (land, technology, infrastructure, capital, labour).
What’s the mode of production?
A way that a society organizes its means of production.
