Test 2 Flashcards
What is an abnormal closed sac of fibrous tissue containing fluid or cells and/or a semi-solid material located in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue or bone?
Cyst
What are the 3 classifications of cysts?
- Inflammatory or Developmental
- Odontogenic or Non-Odontogenic
- Intraosseous or Extraosseous
What is the origin of inflammatory cysts?
Originate from the infection of root canals from caries or trauma
What is the origin of developmental cysts?
Unknown origin
What is the origin of odontogenic cysts?
Formed from tissues involved in tooth development
What is needed to diagnose a cyst?
MH/DH
Clinical features (E/O, I/O etc)
Radiographs
Microscopic analysis (biopsy)
What are the differential diagnosises of cysts?
Abscesses
Benign or malignant neoplasms
Metabolic diseases
Trauma or surgery site
What type of cyst develop from the proliferation of embryonic epithelial cell remnants that become trapped in bone and or soft tissues of the body?
Developmental cysts
True or False: More often developmetal cysts are asymptomatic
True
What type of cyst is this?
Periapical or Radicular
What is the most common type of cyst?
Perioapical or radicular
How do periapical/radicular cysts develop?
From granuloma at the apex of a nonvital tooth
What type of cyst is a remnant epithelial lined cyst?
Residual cyst
How does a residual cyst form?
Post tooth extraction when some or all of the cyst is left behind.
What type of cyst is periapical lateral to tooth root from inflammation exiting a lateral/accessory pulp canal?
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
What type of cyst forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth, such as a wisdom tooth?
Dentigerous
What type of cyst develops in place of a tooth? (meaning no tooth develops)
Primordial
Where are primordial cysts most common?
In place of 8’s or distal to 8’s
Who are primorial cysts usually seen in?
Young adults
How do primordial cysts appear on an x-ray?
Well defined radiolucent lesions that can be unilocular or multilocular
What type of cyst is seen clinically as swelling of gingival mucosa over the crown and is most often associated with baby teeth, lower canines and uppper first molars?
Eruption cyst
What type of cyst is located in soft tissue as a small, whitish bulge or swelling of attached gingiva or papillae mainly in kids?
Gingival cyst
How to treat gingival cysts?
Removal with adults, kids will resolve on its own
What type of cyst commonly arises due to death of pulp of upper lateral incisor and appears on a radiograph as an oval or pear shaped radiolucency between canine and lateral?
Globulomaxillary
What type of cyst is asymptomatic, benign but destructive, has remarkable growth potential and begins as a unilocular radiolucency in lcation where a tooth fails to develop?
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
Where are keratocystic odontogenic tumors most common?
Molar region
What type of developmental cyst is entrapped epithelial tissue in the incisive canal and appears on radiographs as a heart shaped radiolucency between the roots of upper canines?
Nasopalatine cyst
What type of cyst appears as unilocular at themidline of the palate?
Nasopalatine duct cyst (median palatine)
What type of cyst is a rare non-odontogenic cyst located at the midline of the mandible and overlies lower anterior apices or between roots of these teeth at the midline?
Median Mandibular Cyst
What type of cyst is located in soft tissue of the upper cupsid lateral area with unknown cause but may be from the nasolacrimal duct?
Nasolabial cyst
What type of cyst is found on the lateral neck of anterior border of SCM arising from epithelium trapped in LN during development affected the floor of mouth, ventral tongue, lateral posterior borders of tongue as a pinkish, yellow raised nodule?
Lymphoepithelial cyst
Who are lymphoepithelial cysts most common in?
Children and young adults
What type of cyst is developmental found in the anterior floor of the mouth but is more common in other parts of the body?
Dermoid cyst
What is the consistency of the dermoid cyst?
Dough like
What type of cyst forms along the same tract as the thyroid gland follows in development mostly found below the hyoid bone in people under 20?
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Periapical/radicular
What type of cyst is this?
Periapical/radicular
What type of cyst is this?
Residual
What type of cyst is this?
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Primordial Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Primordial Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Dentigerous Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Dentigenerous Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Dentigerous Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Eruption Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Eruption Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Gingival Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Gingival Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Globulomaxillary Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Globulomaxillar Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
What type of cyst is this?
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
What type of cyst is this?
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
What type of cyst is this?
Nasopalatine Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Nasopalatine Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Nasopalatine Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Median Palatine Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Median Palatine Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Median Palatine Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Median Mandibular Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Nasolabial Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Lymph Epithelial Brachial Lateral Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Dermoid Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Dermoid Cyst
What type of cyst is this?
Thyroglossal Duct/Tract Cyst
What is the symptom of pain in the pulp called?
Pulpalgia
What does no response to a pulp test mean?
Necrotic pulp
What does lingering pain after stimulus is removed in a pulp test mean?
Irreversible pulpitis
What does pain subsiding prompty in a pulp test mean?
Reversible pulpitis
Is thermal pulp testing done with cold or hot?
Either
What is a vitality scanner?
An electrical pulp tester that uses a current to the middle third of the crown on the facial surface of anterior teeth and middle third over reach root of a multi-rooted posterior
How do metal restorations affect responses to pulp testing?
Metal restorations adjacent to the tooth being tested can form a circut that bypasses the tooth in question
What is the first stage of pulpitis and has the tooth experiencing sensitivity to hot and cold?
Reversible pulpitis
What type of pulpitis is persistent causing spontaneous persistent pain after the removal of the temp source meaning there is severe destruction of the pulp from bacterial infection or blood suppy interruption?
Irreversible pulpitis
What is the diagnosis when the tooth fails to respond to electrical or thermal stimulation?
Pulp necrosis
Where does partial pulp necrosis often occur?
Coronal
What is a nodule that fills the entire cavity of the tooth with tissue protruding from the pulp chamber from large open caries containing few nerves?
Pulp Polyp/Hyperplastic Pulpitis
What is the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition in regard to pulpitis to peri-apical conditions?
Sequelae
What is an oral lesion charactertized by a soft erythematous papule (red spot) that develops on the aveolar process in association with a non-vital tooth and accompanying dental abscess?
Parulis
What is chronically inflammed granuloma tissue at the apex of a nonvital tooth?
Periapical granuloma
What are odontogenic epithelial cells located within the periodontal ligament matrix?
Epithelial Cell Rests of Malassez (ERM)
What is caused by bacterial infection in which the start of pus has yet to occur?
Cellulitis
What is a rare inflammatory condition of bone often following trauma, untreated periapical or periodonal infection?
Osteromyelitis
What is a piece of dead bone that has become separated from normal bone during the process of necrosis and is surrounded by a pool of infected exudate?
Bone sequestration
What is severe and rapidly spreading cellulitis involving the submand, submental, sublingually space bilaterally started as an infected mand molar or fractured and infected mandible?
Ludwig angina
What is infection thats spread to the eyelids or affects vision because of ophthalmic veins lack valves with spread to the brain being possible?
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
What is this?
Primary (Acute) Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
What condition is painful, erythematous, has swollen gingiva, and multiple tiny vesicles on perioral skin, verillion border of lips and oral mucosa that turn into ulcers?
Primary (Acute) Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
Who is gingivostomatitis most common in?
Children under 6
What is this?
Reccurent Herpes Labialis
What condition is usually caused by sunlight, menstruation, fatigue, fever, or stress?
Recurrent Herpes Labialis
How long does recurrent herpes labialis usually last?
1-2 weeks
What condition is transmitted by direct contact with an infected individual and some people hae the virus present in the oral cavity even when no lesions are present?
Intraoral Herpes
How does intraoral herpes present?
Keratinized gingiva (fixed to bone), hard palate and gingiva appear as painful clusters of tiny vesicles or ulcers that coalesce to form a single ulcer with an irregular border
What condition is this?
Recurrent Intraoral Herpes
What condition is this?
Chicken Pox
What condition is this?
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
What condition presents with unilateral, painful eruption of vesicles along distribution of a sensory nerve?
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
What condition presents with sore throat, fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, malaise, and fatigue?
Mononucleosis
What condition has palatale petechaie that appear in the early course of disease along with a skin rash and severe complications such as hepatitis can occur?
Infectious Mononucleosis
What virus causes inter and intra cellular edema that leads to spongiosis and formation of vesicles?
Coxsackie Virus
What condition presents with fever, malaise, sore throat, erytheatous pharyngitis, and veriscles on the soft palate?
Herpangina
True or False: herpangina is a common adolescent illness caused by a virus.
False. Herpangina is a common childhood illness caused by a virus.
What condition presents with painful vesicles and ulcers that occur anywhere in the mouth and multiple papules or macules occur on the skin, feet, and/or hands?
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
What virus causes focal hyperparakeratosis with underlying spongiosis, intercellular edema?
Paramyxovirus
What diseases are cause by paramyxovirus?
Mumps
Measles
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
Bronchiolitis
Phneumonia
What are the symptoms of paramyxovirus?
Fever
Cough
Runny nose
Pink eye
Maculopapular rash
What appears early the diagnosis as small erthematous macules with white necrotic centers that may occur in the oral cavity?
Koplik’s Spots - Red Measles
What is a viral infection of the salivary glands that is most common in children resulting in painful swelling of salivary glands?
Mumps
What are white papillary, exophytic lesions (closely resembles benign tumor-papilloma)?
Verruca Vulgaris
What is the most common type of HPV?
HPV-2
How is HPV transmitted?
From skin to oral mucosa
What is a pink, papillary, bulbous mass that can occur anywhere in the oral mucosa and is generally sexually transmitted?
Condyloma Acuminatum
What condition is asymptomatic, slightly, raised, diffuse, white, non-removal plaque that is dense, firm, hair-like, and bilateral on the lateral border of the tongue?
Hairy Leukoplakia
What is a malignant neoplasm of blood vessels that start as a red to dark blue macule that enlarges into a nodule and then into a tumor that blanches and bleeds upon pressure?
HIV-Kaposi’s Sarcoma
What condition results in a hard painless solitary indurate chancre ulcer?
Primary Syphilis
What condition results in whitish grey mucous patch/plaque snail trail irregular boarder pattern?
Secondary Syphilis
What are the symptoms of secondary syphilis?
Superficial epithelial necrosis ulcers with red halo, silvery necrotic sloughing tissue exposure of the underlying raw connective tissue on the buccal mucosa, tongue, headache, fever, chills, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, anemia and a generalized copper maculopapular skin rash also on the hand and soles of feet
What condition results in atrophic glossitis, smooth shiny tongue, papillae are gone and a white coating is on the dorsal surface along with a palatal gumma (hole) non-healing?
Tertiary Syphilis
How many new cases are there of syphilis worldwide every year?
6 million
How many STIs are aquired every day?
> 1 million
What condition appears as strep throat like diffuse edema with small pusules and irregular painful ulcers?
Gonorrhea
What are the EO signs of TB?
Cervical lymph node at the lower boarder of the mand will be englarged
Scrofula scars - swelling and abscessing on the node and perforation of the skin and scaring
What infection is caused by a filamentous bacterium called Actinomyes israelii?
Actinomycosis
How is actinmycosis treated?
With long term high doses of antibiotics
The most characteristic form of actinomycosis is
The formation of abscesses that tend to drain by the formation of sinus tracts
What condition appears as white, curdlike material on mucosa surface while the underlying mucosa is erythematous?
Pseudomembranous Candidiasis
What is a yeast which causes infections of skin and/or mucous membranes in both children and adults?
Candida Albicans
What is an excellent treatment for candida albicans?
Gentian Violet (o.5-1% solution in water)
What condition is denture sore mouth?
Denture Stomatitis
What is this?
Denture Stomatitis
What is this?
Chronic Hyperplastic Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
What is this?
Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
What condition results in the palatal mucosa being covered in multiple erythematous papillary projections that give the areas a granular or cobblestone appearance?
Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
What condition results in erthematous, rhombus shaped, flat to raised areas midline of posterior dorsal tongue?
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
What is this?
Angular Cheilitis
What kind of diseases or conditions result from abnormal activity of the body’s immune system?
Immune mediated
True or False: autoimmune diseases are a subset of immune-mediated diseases
True
What are the types of aphthous ulcerations?
Minor
Major
Herpetiform
What causes aphthous ulcers?
Immune system triggers:
Stress
Allergies
Nutritional deficiencies
Illness
Depressed immune system
Trauma
Psychosomatic stress
Hormones
Menstruation
Which type of aphthous ulcer is always on the moveable, loose mucosa and gland baaring mucosa?
Minor
What is this?
Herpetiform Aphthous Ulcers
What is this?
Major Aphthous Ulcer
What is the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues?
Angioedema
What is a cell-mediated response rather than antibodies as in other types of hypersensitivity reactions that is burning, itchy, painful, sloughing of tissues epithelium and connective tissue inflammatory changes/response?
Contact Mucositis
What is an autoimmune inflammatory condition that is of unknown origin, immunological with degeneration of the basal cell layers?
Atrophy lichen planus
What condition is erosive in the upper layer in the epithelium is gone and red erosion?
Erosive lichen planus
What condition has striated/hypertonic-numerous tiny white papules that create a pattern on the buccal mucosa?
Lichen planus - wickham striae
What is plaque like lichen planus?
Plaque-like white firmly attached patch mimicking a leukoplakia white patch
What condition presents with skin as 50% purplish red, scaly, itchy, papules on the chest, arms and wrist creating a linear pattern that turns a yellow brown colour before is disappears?
Lichen planus - skin papules
What is an intraepithelial vesicle?
Pemphigus
What is a subepithelial vesicle?
Pemphigoid
What condtiion is a rare, painful autoimmune disorder which causes blisters on the muscos membranes of the oral cavity, nose, throat, eyes, lungs and genitals?
Pemphigus Vugaris
What condition presents with positive-loose skin that slips free from the underlying layers when rubbed and collapsed bullae are white and recrotic producing a foul odor?
Nikolsky Sign
What condition creates intra epithelial vesicles and bulla, is chronic and can be fatal?
Pempigus Vulgaris
What is this?
Pemphigus vulgaris
What is this?
Pemphigus vulgaris
What condition has auto immune antibodies that direct against the basement membrane and separate the epithelium due to degeneration of the cells?
Beign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
What is this?
Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
What oral condition has bilateral macules/papules that enlarge to form bullas which ulcerate and leave sloughing, white, superficial, painful, irregular boarder ulcers and erosion that create hemorrgagic crust of the lips?
Erythema Multiformae
What is an autoimmune disease where the antiboides attack normal cells leading to inflammation?
Lupus Erythematosus
What condition is a systemic, autoimmune disease that is considered to be one of the ost prevalent autoimmune diseases that attacks and damages the salivary, tear and mucous-secreting glands resulting in dry mouth or swollen salivary glands?
Sjogren’s Syndrome
What condition is an inflammatory disorder that affects multiple parts of the body and most common symptoms include painful mouth sores, gential sores, inflammation of parts of the eye and arthritis?
Behcet Syndrome
What condition results from chronic rubbing or friction against an oral mucosa surface that appears as an opaque, white area due to protective response on tissue?
Frictional Keratosis/Hyperkeratosis
What condition starts as a white irregular raised plaque in diffuse pattern, turns into hyperplastic response that increase size of plaque and is in a linear or striated pattern with thick corrugated areas and zones of erythema?
Morsicatio Buccarum
Does morsicatio buccarum have malignancy potential?
No
What does cocaine do to the midline of the hard palate?
Causes lesions
What does smoking crack cocaine do to the oral cavity?
Ulcers to keratotic lesions to exohytic reactice lesions
What can occur in the oral cavity from freebase cocaine use?
Nectrotic ulcers on tongue and epiglottis
What can alcohol abuse do to the oral cavity?
Adversely affect salivary glands which in turn may lead to tooth decay and erosion and cause irritation and inflammation of oral soft tissues
A thermal burn in the oral cavity is commonly caused by
Microwaved foods
What forms when the salivary glan duct is severed or ruptured and the muscous salivary gland secretion spills into adjacent connective tissue?
Mucocele
Where are mucocele most common?
Lower labial mucosa where minor salivary glands are located
Mucocele occur most in whom?
Children and young adolescents
What is a mucocele like lesion on the floor of the mouth associated with ducts of submandibular/sublingual glands?
Ranula
When may ranula increase in size?
During meals
What are ranula usually due to?
Obstruction of salivary gland
What is a salivary gland stone due to precipitation of calcium salts?
Sialolith
What is this?
Pyrogenic granuloma
What is this?
Parulis
What is a benign, reactive commonly occurring intraoral lesion due to proliferation of connective tissue that contains numerous blood vessels and inflammatory cells?
Pyogenic Granuloma
Where do up to 85% of pyogenic granulomas occur?
On the gingiva of the max anterior
What else are pyogenic granulomas also called?
Pregnancy tumors
What is a reactive lesion composed of well vascularized connective tissue with multinucleated giant cells with RBC and chronic inflammatory cells commonly seen in this lesion that can only occur in the jaws?
Giant Cell Granuloma (peripheral or central)
What is the cause of giant cell granulomas?
Unclear but possibly from trauma
Where do peripheral giant cell granulomas occur?
On the gingiva or alveolar process, usually anterior to the molars
What are the local irritating factors for peripheral giant cell granulomas?
Dental biofilm/calculus
Periodontal disease
Fractured restorations
Ill-fitting dental appliances
Dental extractions
How to treat peripheral giant cell granulomas?
Surgical excision
What is a firm, dome shaped swelling on te facial of papilla - generally loacted anterior to molars?
Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
What is this?
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
What is the inflammation of soft tissues surrounding crowns of partially erupted teeth especially third molars?
Pericoronitis
What is the overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue due to chronic irritation usually from flange of ill fitting dentures?
Epulis fissuratum
What is this?
Epulis Fissuratum
Is epulis fissuratum painful?
No
