Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
one line of descent
A
Unilateral
2
Q
Patrilineal
A
Type of Unilateral
Father
3
Q
Type of Unilateral
Mother
A
Matrilineal
4
Q
- How kinship shapes what people do and with, and with who
- Group of relatives related by one sex
- Size varies depending on how far back you go
matrilineal and patrilineal principles
A
Unilineal Descent groups
descent groups
5
Q
Co-operate, mutual relations, common ancestor from generations ago, either sex, etc
A
Unilineally Extended Families
6
Q
Unilineally extended families group together to form a lineage
A
Lineages
7
Q
Unilineal descent groups that go back lots of generations
A
Clans
8
Q
- Both parents equal and important
- usually no larger and defined property
- not clans and lineages/talk about Kindred
- cousins on one side arent related to cousins on the other side
ego-centered (usually come together for you)
A
Bilateral Kinship
9
Q
All people a person recognizes as related to themselves
A
Kindred
10
Q
Ex. 60% of foragers are bilateral (give more choice)
* Helps with Adaptation
* Why one form of Kinship is adopted to the other
A
Trends of influeance of Kindship systems
11
Q
- Important organizing principle of society
- Relatedness
- important to non-state society
- Varies Culturally
A
Kinship
12
Q
Related through Marriage
A
Affine form of descent
13
Q
Blood Relatives
A
Consaguineal
14
Q
- emphasis on some Kin and not others
- sex of connected relatives is the distinguishing factor
- Kinship Relations depend on the for of descent
- Traced through males, females or bilateral
More Distant, less emphasis
A
Form of Descent
15
Q
- Union between 2 people
- There are norms between cultures
- Always changing
A
Marriage
16
Q
- Culturally defined relationship between 2 or mroe people form different families
- involves sex and provides for reproduction
- sets of rights that families obtain including rights over children
- An Assignment of for responsibility for nurturing children
- A creation of improtant relationships between families of married people.
A
Marriage Involves 4 things
17
Q
- Practiced before colonialism
- men were warriors and away fighting
- Exogamous sexual relations
- 3 days secluded with bride and after 3 days may never see her again. Only responsible to bury husband
- Non of the partners supported her as her Ken group would provide
- Male partners would visit other women as well and werent tied to the women they had affairs with
- When pregnant the father had to say who he was,, or it was assumed she had sex outside of her caste or with her own kin and would be expelled or killed becuase of it
A
Unusual Form of marriage
Nayar
18
Q
- Choice of spouse is culturally decided
- exogamy
- endogamy
- used to maintain exclusiveness of group
- Reduces contact with others of different ranks
- Symbolically strengthens the exclusiveness of the group
A
Marriage in Comparative Perspective: Marriage Rules
19
Q
marry outside of the Kin or family
A
exogamy
20
Q
Marry within social group (caste system)
A
Endogamy
21
Q
no law or rule but usually end up marrying someone of similar class, wealth, race, etc.
A
De facto endogamy in Canada
22
Q
4 possibilities: monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, group marriages
All exceptions are polygamous
A
Marriage in Comparative Perspective: Number of Spouces
23
Q
One man, many wives
A
polygyny
24
Q
Many husbands, one wife
A
Polyandry
25
Polyamerous relationships today
Group Marriage
26
* Alternate form of marriage
* Usually more women ready for marriage then men and they die earlier than females
* Ensures all women marry, legitamatizes children
* Mens status= size of family
* Access to wealth determines how many wives you have
| Preferred form for men
Polygyny
27
Marry a woman= Marry her sisters
Sororal Polygyny:
28
One woman, many husbands
ex. Tibet and Nepal: limited farmland, sons marry one woman, keeps the farm intact and less children are had. Keeps farm together
| Alternate form of marriage
Polyandry
29
# 4
Alliance between 2 kin groups
Marriage Alliances
30
More men alligned= more sucessful
* Start by trade, thebn feasts, then men would agree to exchange young women between villages
* much less likely to raid a village where your family now lives
Yanamand
31
* Transfer of gifts in marriage (wedding showers and gifts)
* New independant households are created
* Private between the couple
* No symbolic relationship between both families
* Gifts are presented to the couple equally owned by both partners
Marriages Exchange
32
Custom for man to tranfer wealth to relatives of the bride
* Goods transferred are the most prestegious types of Gifts possible
* Gives man righrs over children wife bears, wife must bear children for the man
| Most common over 50% of cultures
Bridewealth
33
Husband must work for a period of time before marrying the woman from the family.
Brideservice
34
Womans family transfers their wealth to the family when they are married. Gives couple inheritance at marriage rather than at parents death
* agriculturalists and rarely practiced today (India)
Dowry
35
* Perceptions of the body
* Culture Bound Syndromes
Ethno Medicine
36
* Relative isolation of others, a relation between the healer and the person being the healer
* Only you and the physician, parents and others are not involved
Ways of healing: Private
37
* Common in other societies and cultures
* In north America, christian evangelist healers
* Reinforce that everyone is a member of the group
Community healing
38
| Roots in European Ideals of Healing
Humeral Systems
39
* Some people are recognized for having giftings and abilities to heal and with remedies all accross many different forms of healthcare
* Need to have training and not everyone can be one
* Demonstrates a certain sort of dressing and act a certain way of professionalism, assuring others that they are equipped and able to be one
Healers
40
Ex. Placebo
* Taking pills to feel better even if its not really working
Symbolic Interpretive approach
40
* Treating things as a medical problem, instead of a much bigger issue
Medicalization
41
Illness in heavily populated areas because they have no access to proper sanitation or clean water
Role Poverty
42
* New ways of doing things
* High tech
* Growth of the economy
* Focus on Individuals without thinking about their social constructs
Western Medical Training
43
* First female prime minister of Britain
* Believed that theres no such thing as society, and that there are only individuals
* Encapsulated capitolism and neo liberal thinking
Margaret Thatcher
44
* Simultaneous existence of more than one medical system in society
* Can be any medical system
1. Usually reference to biomedical systems coexistence with other systems
2. Certain treatments may be rejected because its not what a society is used to
3. Soem may be recognized by one medical system but may be by another medical system
Medical Pluralism
45
* Sharing items, rent, etc
* Usually composed by people related by Kin
* Not the same as family
* A living space shared by people
* Basic units of socialization
* Place of sleeping, eating, and close relationships
* We all have a form of household
Households
46
* Single Parent
* Nuclear- not the most common in the world, only 25% the world
Simple household form
47
* More than 2 married adults
* Each wife must have a different residential unit within the household
Complex Household form
48
Brother and sisters living in the same household
Extended household form
49
* Usually one head, often the male
* Cultural biase
* European practice
Household heads
50
Economic Units
* Units of consumption
* Units of production
51
* Shop owners
* Decisions were made based on the household
* What you use your profit on
Units of production
52
Social Units
* Multiocupational Household
* Patrilocal
53
* Constant state of change
* In the 50s, women never had a vocie about things that were happening in households
* DIvorce, women working can change households
+Change
54
Intel, micro chips
| employment of women, created changes to households
AIWA ONG
| Change
55
* Reject some of their parents wishes and beliefs
Migration
| Change
56
* Culturally valued materials and social rewards are given out unequally
Inequality
57
1. Wealth
2. Power
3. Prestige
* Prestige usually goes hand in hand with Power,
* Ex. not having wealth and power but having presitige
Ways of weighing inequality
58
* Able to move from one place to another and is able to fund food in other place and in other KIn groups. Range of options for where to live
* Punished if not sharing
Foragers
| Egalitarian
59
Not alot of Inequality in other groups of people, but overall there has definetly been inequality thoughout history
Egalitarian
60
* Kin groups are ranked relative to one another, having its own unique lineage in each group that are ranked
* People in Kins are often ranked by age, some people have more power and presige within the group
Ranked
61
* Inequality is based on lack of access to things that we need to make a living
* Some people control the access to these materials needed to survive
* Caste
Stratified Societies
62
* Born into it
* Associated with the divisions in society
* Class societies will enable some people to marry into different castes
* Laws of segregation between races, it was illegal to marry different races
Caste
63
Castes in India
Varnas
64
1. Brahmins
2. Kshatriyas
3. Vaishas
4. Shudras
5. Untouchables
* Each Caste has its own religious responsibility to another caste
* How you fulfilled your duties of other castes, you are reborn into a higher caste
* If your a brand new soul, you will also be born into the untouchables
| Caste your born into is based on your previous lives.
Varnas
65
* People within classes agree with each other
* Do not nessesarily believe that they have common goals within within the class
* ex 4/5ths of the population believe they were middle class
* debate about what class means
* differences in wealth and materials, income, influencial people
* Income and/or wealth, properly ownership
* Working class
Classes in industrial societ
66
Revolution, resentment, rebellion about inequality
Maintaining Inequality
67
* Religion in stratified societies
* People in higher class are idolized
Ideologies
68
* nessesary to motivate people to perform better who are more qualified and talented
* Unequal rewards are the best way to recruit people who have talent for what society needs from them
Theories of Inequalities
| Funtionalist theory
69
conflict theory
theories of inequalities
70
