Test 2

Question 1

Cochlear Nucleus

Answer 1

Medulla; A collection of neuron bodies with similar structure, function and pathway.

Question 2

Superior Olivary Complex

Answer 2

Pons; receives information from both ipsi- and contra-lateral cochlear nuclei; 1st place of binaural input

Question 3

Lateral Lemniscus

Answer 3

Pons; primary auditory pathway; a tract not a structure

Question 4

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 4

Midbrain; all auditory fibers must pass through the IC; may be involved at the level of the thalamus; the thalamus itself is a relay station for almost all sensory information

Question 5

Auditory Cortex

Answer 5

Cortex; where sound is processed; lies on the upper surface of temporal lobe; can’t be seen on lateral surface of cortex must displace temporal lobe

Question 6

what is the primary auditory cortex called

Answer 6

heschl’s gyrus

Question 7

what is wernicke’s area?

Answer 7

contains the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus. recognition of linguistic stimuli and comprehension of spoken language. integration of information

Question 8

organ of corti

Answer 8

is a gelatinous and fibrous flap (tectorial membrane) the outer hair cells are embedded in the pectoral membrane whereas the inner hair cells are not.

Question 9

oval window

Answer 9

top

Question 10

round window

Answer 10

below where it terminates

Question 11

how is frequency organized in the cochlea?

Answer 11

tone of topic organization (goes around in a spiral)
high frequencies - base
low frequencies apex (middle part)

Question 12

what are inner hair cells

Answer 12

send sound to brain; 1 row; around 3500

Question 13

what are outer hair cells

Answer 13

help move the tectorial mechanical properties; 305 rows; around 12,000

Question 14

what is the basilar membrane

Answer 14

dividing wall in chamber

Question 15

what is the middle pillar of bone

Answer 15

medilas

Question 16

what are the chambers of the cochlea

Answer 16

scala vestibuli- top chamber; contains perilymph
scala media- middle chamber; contains endolymph
scala tympani- bottom chamber; contain perilymph

Question 17

what is another name of the cochlea

Answer 17

otic capsule

Question 18

where specifically is the cochlea located

Answer 18

inner ear; cochlear duct

Question 19

what are the dimensions of the cochlea

Answer 19

2 3/4 turns- spiraled; like a snail shape; widest at the base; narrowest at the apex. around 35 centimeters

Question 20

what is the Eustachian tube?

Answer 20

opens and closes to equalize pressure between middle ear and environment; remains lightly closed until a sneeze or cough or swallow or yawn opens the tube. when it is open, it is said to be patent. when it shuts off (swells around opening), it creates a vacuum in the ME cavity and causes serum (fluid) to fill that space. this is the otitis media with effusion (fluid)

Question 21

what are the ossicles

Answer 21

mallius, inchus, and stapes

Question 22

what is the umbo?

Answer 22

center portion; it is concave because the malleus bone and manubrium is attached to the tyrannic membrane

Question 23

what is the cone of light

Answer 23

due to the conical shape light reflects anteroom-inferioly from the umbo

Question 24

what are the layers of the tyrannic membrane?

Answer 24

innermost- mucosal
outermost- epilitum
middle- fibrous

Question 25

what are the parts of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 25

pars tensa (bigger) and pars flaccida

Question 26

where is cerumen produced

Answer 26

ear canal- outer portion (cartilage) also called wax