Test 2

Question 1

Reference Architecture

Answer 1

A framework for integrating operational technology (OT) with information technology (IT) to enhance data accessibility and security.

Question 2

Operational Technology (OT)

Answer 2

Hardware and software that detects or causes changes through direct monitoring and control of physical devices, processes, and events.

Question 3

Information Technology (IT)

Answer 3

Systems and technologies used for managing and processing information, including hardware, software, and networks.

Question 4

Purdue Model

Answer 4

A hierarchical architecture that segments OT networks into functional levels and uses point-to-point connections for data sharing.

Question 5

Event-Centric Integration

Answer 5

An integration pattern that utilizes unidirectional message streams for efficient communication between various systems.

Question 6

MQTT Broker

Answer 6

A lightweight, publish-subscribe messaging protocol that facilitates the transfer of messages from event producers to consumers.

Question 7

Sparkplug B

Answer 7

An open-source specification that provides an MQTT topic namespace and defines state management and payload encoding for industrial applications.

Question 8

Unified Namespace (UNS)

Answer 8

A design approach that standardizes data access and organization across different systems and teams in industrial settings.

Question 9

CPS Protection Platform

Answer 9

A platform designed to discover, protect, and secure cyber-physical assets while integrating with IT security tools.

Question 10

Data Hub

Answer 10

A centralized system that accesses and normalizes OT data at the edge, sharing it with applications in the cloud.

Question 11

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

Answer 11

A network of interconnected devices and systems in industrial environments that leverage data for enhanced operational efficiency.

Question 12

Zero-Trust Security

Answer 12

A security model that mandates strict verification for every user and device trying to access resources, particularly in industrial contexts.

Question 13

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

Answer 13

Systems that integrate physical processes with computational elements to monitor and control physical devices and systems.

Question 14

Hierarchical Architecture

Answer 14

An architecture that organizes components in layers, each with specific functions and responsibilities.

Question 15

API (Application Programming Interface)

Answer 15

A set of rules and protocols for building and interacting with software applications, facilitating data exchange.

Question 16

Event Streams

Answer 16

Continuous flows of data generated by devices or applications that can be processed in real-time.

Question 17

Data Integration

Answer 17

The process of combining data from different sources to provide a unified view for analysis and reporting.

Question 18

ISA-95

Answer 18

A standard for developing an automated interface between enterprise and control systems, often used in manufacturing.

Question 19

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

Answer 19

A system used for controlling industrial processes and gathering real-time data from remote locations.

Question 20

Cloud Computing

Answer 20

Delivery of computing services over the internet, including storage, processing, and networking.

Question 21

Edge Computing

Answer 21

Processing data near the source of data generation to reduce latency and bandwidth use.

Question 22

Data Collectors

Answer 22

Tools or systems that gather data from various sources for processing and analysis.

Question 23

Cybersecurity

Answer 23

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.

Question 24

Ransomware

Answer 24

A type of malicious software that encrypts a user’s files and demands payment for the decryption key.

Question 25

Malware

Answer 25

Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.

Question 26

Trust Zones

Answer 26

Segregated areas within a network that provide different levels of access and security for resources.

Question 27

Event Brokers

Answer 27

Middleware that manages and routes events between producers and consumers in an event-driven architecture.

Question 28

Data Auto Discovery

Answer 28

Automated identification and cataloging of data sources within an organization.

Question 29

Machine Learning (ML)

Answer 29

A subset of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn and improve from experience without explicit programming.

Question 30

Digital Twins

Answer 30

Virtual replicas of physical systems used for simulation, analysis, and optimization.

Question 31

Secure Connection

Answer 31

A protected link established between devices or networks to ensure data integrity and confidentiality.

Question 32

Transport Protocols

Answer 32

Protocols used to transfer data across a network, ensuring delivery and error checking.

Question 33

Management Protocols

Answer 33

Protocols that facilitate the management and monitoring of devices and applications.

Question 34

Control Protocols

Answer 34

Protocols that enable commands and control messages to be sent between devices or systems.

Question 35

Fragmented Data

Answer 35

Data that is scattered across various systems and formats, making it difficult to analyze and utilize effectively.

Question 36

Real-Time Data

Answer 36

Information that is delivered immediately after collection, allowing for timely processing and decision-making.

Question 37

Data Flows

Answer 37

The movement of data between systems, applications, and devices within an architecture.

Question 38

Data Hierarchy

Answer 38

The organization of data in a structured manner, often reflecting relationships and dependencies between data elements.

Question 39

Cyber-Physical Security

Answer 39

Security measures specifically designed to protect the intersection of cyber and physical systems.

Question 40

Asset Discovery

Answer 40

The process of identifying and cataloging all assets within an organization’s IT and OT environments.

Question 41

Legacy Systems

Answer 41

Older computer systems or applications that may no longer be efficient or supported but are still in use.

Question 42

Interconnected Systems

Answer 42

Systems that are linked together, allowing for data and information sharing across different platforms and environments.

Question 43

Technical Professionals

Answer 43

Individuals with expertise in technology and engineering, responsible for implementing and managing IT and OT solutions.