Test #2 Flashcards
Functions of the nose (3):
- warm the air we breathe
- humidify the air we breathe
- filter and clean the air we breathe
Ethmoid bone
-upper 1/3 - 2/3 of the lateral wall
-houses the superior and middle nasal conchae
Maxillae
Portions are found in the lower part of the lateral wall
Where do the ethmoid and maxillae meet?
Inferior nasal concha
What is formed by the ethmoid, vomer and fibrocartilage?
Nasal septum
What is composed of a portion of the sphenoid bone where it meets the ethmoid bone?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
What is the space below each nasal conchae called?
Meatus
What are the bony projections that separate the meatuses called?
Nasal conchae
Where is the tear duct located (hint: one of the meatuses)
Inferior meatus (it has a small opening for the nasolacrimal duct
Where is the hiatus semilunaris (crescent shaped opening) located?
Middle meatus
What is the bulbous ridge above the hiatus semilunaris called?
Ethmoid bulla
What is the smallest meatus?
Superior meatus
What is the osteomeatal complex?
-it’s an anatomically constricted area that is prone to blockage
-The middle meatus
Kinds of epithelium of the nasal cavity (2):
- respiratory epithelium
- olfactory epithelium
Which epithelium is found throughout most of the nasal cavity?
Respiratory epithelium
What are goblet cells and where are they found?
-they secrete a sticky mucous onto the cilia which traps contaminants
-found in the respiratory epithelium
Which epithelium has nerve fibres to perceive odours?
Olfactory epithelium
Where is the olfactory epithelium found?
The roof of the nasal cavity and upper surface of the superior nasal concha
What is rhinosinusitis?
Caused by anything that impedes air flow into the sinuses or mucous clearance out of the sinuses
What can cause rhinosinusitis? (8)
-infection
-allergies
-irritants (like smoke)
-anatomical obstructions
-foreign bodies
-diseases
-dryness
-certain medications
Which sinus develops last?
Frontal sinus
Which is the largest sinus?
Maxillary sinus
Where is the maxillary sinuses located?
Upper jaw bone (maxillary)
Where are the ethmoid sinuses located?
In the ethmoid bone (part of the eye socket)
Where are the frontal sinuses located?
Forehead and upper eye socket
Where are the sphenoid sinuses located?
Sphenoid bone (middle of skull)
List the sinuses in order from biggest to smallest (volume wise)
-maxillary (15 ml/1 tbsp)
-ethmoid (15 ml/1 tbsp)
-sphenoid (7.5 ml)
-frontal (6-7ml)
Which sinus (when infected) can feel like maxillary tooth pain?
Maxillary sinus
What is a joint?
A site of junction or union between two or more bones
What encloses the TMJ?
A fibrous joint capsule
What is the articulate disc?
Fibrous pad of collagen tissue that is located between the two bones
What are the three paired ligaments within the TMJ?
-temporomandibular
-stulomandibular
-sphenomandibular
What is a ligament?
A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones
Two types of movement in the TMJ
-rotational
-gliding
What are the two kinds of gliding movement?
-Protrusion (anterior movement)
-Retrusion (posterior movement)
Two kinds of rotational movement
-depression (lowering the jaw)
-elevation (raise the jaw)
Which movements open the mouth?
Protrusion and depression
Which movements close the mouth?
Retrusion and elevation
Things the client must do during a TMJ assessment (5):
-open mouth
-close mouth
-open jaw to the left
-open jaw to the right
-move jaw forward
Why does the jaw click or pop?
When the disc is pulled too far forward on opening (if it pops on closing it’s called a reciprocal pop)
What does it mean if the joint jumps on one side?
The client might need an ultrasound, physical therapy or a night guard
Trismus
The inability to open the mouth normally
Sublaxation
When a client opens the mouth too wide
Bruxism
Teeth grinding
Arthritis
Inflammation and deterioration of the joint
-treatment: cortisone
Myofascial pain dysfunction
Increased pain at the TMJ due to muscle tension and spasm (MPD may be a physical symptom of psychological stress)
What are the sinuses?
Hollow spaces in the facial bone that are lined with mucous
How many litres of mucous do the sinuses produce each day?
1/2-1 L
Define meati:
A natural body opening or canal (air pockets) behind the concha
Define Ostia:
Tiny opening into a vessel or cavity of the body
The external nose is attached inferiorly to the __________
Anterior nasal spine
The ______ is formed by the vomer, a portion of the ethmoid bone, and the fibrocartilaginous part of the septum
Septum
The inferior nasal concha is located where the _______ and ethmoid bones meet
Maxilla
The _____ _______ is located positerior to the conchae
Nasal pharynx
Why are ethmoid sinuses ofte called ethmoid air cells?
Because they are divided into numerous small compartments
The ____________ _______ is the highest and most posterior part of the nasal cavity
Sphenoethmoid recess
Which sinus (when infected) can cause pain above the eyes?
Frontal sinus
Which sinus (when infected) results in congestion and aching in the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid sinus
The mandibular fossa is located on the __________
Temporal bone
Between the temporal bone and the condyle of the mandible is the _____________
Articulate disc
The anterior band of the articulate disc is ____________ than the posterior band of the disc
Thinner
Opening the mouth wide involves rotational movement ________________________
And gliding movement
The lubricant liquid of the joint is called
Synovial fluid
What is synovial fluid secreted by?
Epithelial lining tissue
The __________ ___________ helps to prevent the condyle from being displaced out of the fossa
Temporomandibular ligament
The TMJ is an articulation that involves the temporal bone and the ________ of the mandible
Condyle
