Exam

Question 1

What are the two subsystems of circulation?

Answer 1

-Pulmonary circulation (blood from heart and through lungs)
-Systemic circulation (blood to all parts of the body)

Question 2

3 major parts of the circulatory system:

Answer 2

• Heart
• Blood vessels
• Blood

Question 3

The heart is protected by the ________ cavity

Answer 3

Thoracic

Question 4

What is the pericardium?

Answer 4

A triple layered sac that encloses the heart (two inner layers secrete a serous fluid to prevent friction, outer sac is fibrous and attached to the sternum, great vessels and diaphragm)

Question 5

4 chambers: 2 on the right side relate to the lungs (___________ circulation) ad 2 on the left side relate to the rest of the body (___________ circulation)

Answer 5

A) pulmonary
B) Systemic

Question 6

3 types of blood vessels:

Answer 6

• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries

Question 7

Veins vs. Arteries:

Answer 7

• veins: return blood to heart, lower pressure, thinner walls, have valves
• arteries: carry blood away from the heart, high pressure, three layers that makes them muscular and elastic

Question 8

The __________ are referred to as exchange vessels (exchange of nutrients, dissolved gasa and waste products)

Answer 8

Capillaries

Question 9

Arteries carry ________ ______ away from the heart. With the exception of the _____________ _______

Answer 9

A) oxygenated blood
B) Pulmonary artery

Question 10

Veins carry __________ _______ to the heart. With the exception of the _________________ _____

Answer 10

A) deoxygenated blood
B) pulmonary vein

Question 11

Order of DEoxygenated blood

Answer 11

-Right atrium (through SVC and IVC)
-Right ventricle
-Pulmonary arteries
-Left and right lungs

Question 12

Order of oxygenated blood:

Answer 12

-Right and left lungs
-Pulmonary veins
-Left atrium
-Left ventricle
-Aorta
-All body tissues

Question 13

8 branches of external carotid artery

Answer 13

• Superior thyroid artery
• Ascending pharyngeal artery
• Lingual artery
• Occipital artery
• Facial artery
• Posterior auricular artery
• Maxillary artery
• Superficial temporal artery

Question 14

Facial artery complication and corrective action:

Answer 14

C: facial bleeding
CA: compressing the facial artery where the facial artery and vein cross the inferior border of the mandible at the submandibular notch

Question 15

Blood moving under low pressure is helped by:

Answer 15

• Muscle contractions (legs)
• Gravity (upper body)
• Respiration (thoracic pump action of breathing)
• Valves

Question 16

Cavernous sinus possible complication:

Answer 16

-Untreated infections in the bridge of the nose or corner of the eye area can spread to the cavernous sinus
-This can cause infection of the cranial nerves or meningitis

Question 17

Pterygoid plexus of veins possible complication (PC) and corrective action (CA):

Answer 17

PC: risk of maxillary tuberosity piercing them if angulation of the needle is incorrect during LA application. Hematoma may occur if this happens
CA: cold packs, moist heat and reassurance to the client

Question 18

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 18

Part of the overall lymphoid system of the body and is a component of the body’s immune system