Test 2 Flashcards
Correlations
Co-variables, NO IV or DV
- “cause and effect” cannot be established
- other variables can be disregarded
+ good for starting research and establishing a relationship
Data
Primary Data
Participants directly provide results to researchers.
(Eg. Complete a maths test)
Secondary Data
Participants provide results from prior, pre-existing sources.
(Eg. Maths GCSE results)
Secondary data is more efficient and could reduce demand characteristics.
Positive Correlations
Both co-variables increase at the same time.
Eg. More time spent reading a book, the more intelligent someone is.
Negative Correlations
One co-variable decreases as the other increases.
Eg. More time spent working, less happy someone is.
No Correlation
No relationship between co-variables.
Eg. No relationship found between Beyonce and Diddy party.
Co-efficient
1 = perfect +
0 = no correlation
-1 = perfect -
Hypotheses
Testable statement made to predict events.
Null Hypothesis
States that there is no relationship between variables.
AIM to REJECT the null hypothesis.
Eg. There will be no relationship (correlation) OR There will be no difference (experiment)
One-tailed Hypothesis
Predicts there will be a relationship and the direction of it.
Eg. People who go to 5 freak-offs will go to jail more than people who go to 1 freak off.
Usually used because previous research indicates a direction.
Two-tailed Hypothesis
Predicts that there will be a relationship/difference but there is no direction.
Eg. “There will be a significant difference between those who attend 5 freak-offs and those who attend only 1 freak-off.
Usually used because previous research has been inconclusive.
Operationalise
Make the IV and DV or co-variables measurable.
Eg. Instead of “drunk” elaborate and use units like “people who have had two alcoholic beverages”
BPS code of ethics
RESPECT
- informed consent
- right to withdraw
- confidentiality
COMPETENCE
RESPONSIBILITY
- debrief
- protection of participants (by warning or anonymity)
INTEGRITY
- deception
