Test 1

Question 1

Lab experiment

Answer 1

Highly controlled, IV directly manipulated and DV directly measured.

+ replicable - strict controls and documented procedures mean that the experiment can be replicated for reliability

• demand characteristics - participants are aware they are in a study and so look to the experimenter for clues on how they should act

Question 2

Field Experiment

Answer 2

Same as lab except done in a real life setting (eg: a school).

+ high ecological validity - findings relate better as participants are in a natural environment therefore results can be generalised to the wider population

• extraneous variables - less control over environment so results have less validity

Question 3

Quasi experiment

Answer 3

IV is naturally occurring (doesn’t get manipulated).

+ unethical topics - can study topics that otherwise may be considered unethical to study which increases understanding of these topics

• less validity - less controlled environment so other factors can effect the DV/results

Question 4

Repeated Measures Design

Answer 4

Same participants are allocated to all groups (take part in all conditions of the IV).

+ Results are not subject to participant variables - increased confidence that changes in the DV are directly caused by the changes in IV

• all data lost if one participant withdraws - because the same participant is used for all conditions, prior conditions also become invalid to use

Question 5

Independent Measures Design

Answer 5

Different participants allocated randomly to each condition.

+ No order effects - no participant is used more than once so their reactions are natural
+ Less time consuming - only if each condition is done simultaneously

• Participant variables - different participants so variables can effect results
• difficult and expensive - recruitment for each condition

Question 6

Matched Pairs Design

Answer 6

Same as independent but recruited to share similar characteristics (eg. Gender, age).

+ No order effects - no participant is used more than once so their reactions are natural
+ Participant variables - reduced risk due to similarities between participants

• Difficult and expensive - recruitment for each condition of IV
• Impossible to identically match participants

Question 7

Ecological Validity

Answer 7

Researchers can accurately generalize experimental findings to real-world situations therefore to the wider population.

Question 8

Random Allocation

Answer 8

Method used to assign participants to different parts of the experiment (eg. Milgram; learner or teacher)