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Lab Bio > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Group of the same species…

A

Living in the same place, same time, and able to interbreed/intergrade successfully (make offspring)

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2
Q

Demographics…

A

The study of populations

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3
Q

Populations are described by…

A

Size - # of organisms
Density - # per unit area
Dispersion - How these #’s per area are distributed.

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4
Q

Dispersion types…

A

Even - Low density; territorial. High density; avoid competition
Random - Wind dispersed; seeds/warms
Clumped - Herding and organized colonies (warmth, resources, protection, etc.)

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5
Q

Survival of population…

A

Fitness - Ability to reproduce successfully
Survivorship- Lifespan overtime
Limits to resources

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6
Q

Fitness (reproduce strategy’s)…

A

“r” strategists:
- Rapid reproduction, fast pregnancy, quick life cycle
- High reproductive rate
-Less parental involvement

“k” strategists:
- Slow reproduction, long pregnancy, slow life cycle
- Lower reproductive rate
- Long parental involvement

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7
Q

Recipe for survival…

A

Requires resources
- Carrying capacity: Total # of organisms that an environment can sustain
- Limiting factor: The 1 thing that limits this population

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8
Q

Growth models…

A

Exponential growth - J-curve (fast growth)
“r” strategists

Logistic growth - S-curve (grows a little slower)
“k” strategists

Exponential growth - G=RN, G = growth rate, N = # of individuals in a population, R = reproduction rate

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9
Q

Factors that limit population growth…

A

Density dependent:
- Resources competition
- Health & disease
- Predators/Prey
- Stress

Density independent:
- Weather & seasonal changes
- Natural disasters

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10
Q

Resources partitioning…

A

The division of limited resources by species to help avoid competition in an ecological niche

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11
Q

Biodiversity…

A

Richness - # of different species
Relative abundance (species evenness) - # of organisms of each species

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12
Q

Dominant species/ keystone species

A

Exerts strong control over the community structure from the top down (dominant) and all directions (keystone)

Competitive exclusions principle eliminates competition benefiting all

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13
Q

Response to disturbance…

A

Succession - evolution of ecosystems
Change in ecosystem due to competition and attrition
Dominant species of the climax community

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14
Q

Trophic structure…

A

Feeding relationships between produces, consumers, and detrivores

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15
Q

Niches…

A

Role or job an organisms plays in the environment

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16
Q

Generalist (niche)

A

Can make use of a wide variety of resources (humans)

17
Q

Specialist

A

Limited on use of resources (panda bear, koalas)

18
Q

Fundamental (niche)

A

Range of resources that you could ideally use (adapted to; evolution)

19
Q

Realized (niche)

A

The range of resources that you can actually gain access to (acclimated to; used to)

20
Q

Gause’s competitive exclusion principle

A

States that two species competing for the same resources cannot exist

Which is false

21
Q

Symbioses

A

Close interactions that tie population together as communities

22
Q

Trophic levels - feeding structure

A
  • Producers from the basis
  • Consumers “eat” those below them
  • Only 10% - 20% of one level is passed on to the next level
  • Up to 90% of the energy available at one level is lost to other levels as heat
23
Q

Amensalism

A
  • , 0
24
Q

Competition

A
  • , -
25
Q

Commensalism

A

+ , 0

26
Q

Mutualism

A

+ , +

27
Q

Neutralism

A

0 , 0

28
Q

Parasitism

A

+ , -

29
Q

Predation

A

+ , -

30
Q

Saprophytism

A

+ , 0

31
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Organisms from the same species compete for the same resources.

32
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Organisms of different species compete for the same resources.

33
Q

Exploitation competition

A

Occurs when indirect effects reduce a resource, and there’s no interaction and aggression.

34
Q

Interference competition

A

Organisms prevent physical establishment of another organism in the habitat.

Lab Bio (2 decks)

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