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test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

embalming complications with elderly cases

A
  • arteriosclerosis
  • emaciation or dehydration
  • heart disease
  • kidney disease
  • cancer
  • low protein level in tissues
  • possible bed sores
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2
Q

embalming options with elderly cases

A
  • pre injection for dehydration
  • higher arterial fluid for low protein and secondary dilution
  • humectants and water conditioners
  • multipoint may be necessary with arteriosclerosis
  • 2 bottles of cavity fluid
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3
Q

how to treat bed sores (decubitus ulcers) in elderly cases

A
  • arterial solution can treat a little, but stage 4 will need exterior work
  • dry and pack with drying pack
  • possibly hypo on the late stage ones
  • if severe debride bad tissue, and hypo untreated area before placing drying pack
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4
Q

what is subcutaneous emphysema

A

when gas/air accumulates and seeps under the skin where it shouldn’t

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5
Q

what is subcutaneous emphysema caused by

A
  • internal gas
  • external gas
  • produced gas
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6
Q

examples of internal gas

A

pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, perforated hollow viscus, or fistula tract

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7
Q

examples of external gas

A

penetrating trauma, iatrogenic, post surgical, or post percutaneous intervention

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8
Q

examples of produced gas

A

gas producing infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis

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9
Q

embalming complications with subcutaneous emphysema

A
  • tissues in body may be saturated with air that has spread through ruptured alveolar walls
  • the accumulation of air may cause facial features to be distorted
  • pressure from excess air may cause distribution problems
  • chest cavity may be enlarged
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10
Q

embalming options with subcutaneous emphysema

A
  • air filled tissue can be reduced by aspirating or make incision and massage loose air out
  • if facial features disfigured use carotid and jugular
  • use a higher than normal concentration of fluid
  • no need for a speciality fluid
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11
Q

what is gas gangrene

A

a highly fatal disease caused by the contamination of a wound by certain spore forming, toxin producing gram positive bacteria

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12
Q

what is tissue gas

A

the gas that can form in the body tissues due to contamination and decomposition

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13
Q

complications with tissue gas/gas gangrene

A
  • highly infectious
  • can spread between bodies
  • very foul odor and swollen tissues
  • blisters containing gas and purulent fluid
  • skin slip
  • decomp increases formaldehyde demand
  • clostridium perfringens is resistant to chemical disinfectants
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14
Q

embalming options with tissue gas/gas gangrene

A
  • hypo inject area of tissue affected with high index fluid
  • re embalm the body
  • specialized fluid for tissue gas
  • watch for swelling of face
  • after re injecting limbs the rest of the body should be hypo injected with special fluid with trocar
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15
Q

possible chemicals used for tissue gas

A
  • frigid stop
  • pierce triton
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16
Q

what is hepatitis

A

-general term for liver inflammation
- caused by viruses, chemicals, drugs, alcohol, and genetic disorders
- can be acute or chronic

17
Q

the types of viral hepatitis

A

Hep A, B, C, D, and E

18
Q

causes for non viral hepatitis

A
  • autoimmune hep
  • alcoholic hep
  • drug induced hep
19
Q

what is an occupational risk for embalmers

A

Hep B and C

20
Q

what is hep B and C known as

A

“silent killers” since they develop slowly over years and most don’t realize it

21
Q

how is hep B and C transmitted

A
  • contact with blood or open sores of an infected person
  • hep C most commonly through sharing needles
22
Q

complications with hepatitis

A
  • may not be aware body is infectious
  • liver inflammation can cause jaundice
  • severe liver distension can cause distribution problems
  • vasculitis or cryoglobulinemia from hep C
  • dry skin
  • hematemesis, ascites, edema, hepatic encephalopathy
23
Q

chemical options with hepatitis

A
  • jaundice fluids if its present
  • pre injection/co injection for clots
  • edema fluid if necessary
  • treat ascites through aspiration
  • if dry use humectant
24
Q

what is Hodgkin’s disease

A
  • aka hodgkin lymphoma
  • type of cancer that develops in the lymphatic system
  • caused by a mutation in B lymphocytes
  • causes them to multiply uncontrollably
25
Q

complications with Hodgkin’s disease

A
  • Secondary cancers: problems with distribution, distension, and blockages
  • treatment for disease while living can mess with vascular system
  • swollen lymph nodes = distribution problems
  • increased fluid retention and edema
  • emaciation
26
Q

embalming options with Hodgkin’s disease

A
  • if edema present use higher index fluid/edema fluid
  • if localized edema sectional embalm
  • if emaciated use humectants or pre injection

advanced embalming (4 decks)

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