Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCHEM > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created nor
destroyed, but can be transformed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Disorder always increases (+ ∆S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

∆H<0

A

Exothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

∆H>0

A

endothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

∆G<0

A

Exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

∆G>0

A

Endergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The higher the activation energy “hump” the _ the reaction

A

slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

provides alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy

A

catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_ increases the rate of a reaction

A

catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Catalysts cannot do what

A

cannot change equilibrium position, cannot change Delta G or free energy of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The higher G°‡ the _ the reaction

A

slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

catalyst lower_and speed up reaction

A

G°‡

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

G° equation

A

ΔG° = - RT ln Keq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is zero order kinetics

A

rate does not depend on concentration of substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is first order kinetics

A

rate depends on concentration of substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Michaelis-Menten equation

A

V0= (V max [S])/(KM + [S]). Vmax or Vm is the max velocity of the enzyme. KM is the steady-state constant or Michaelis constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

KM equation

A

KM= [S] at Vmax/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

at [S] , KM-> low V init

A

enzyme not very active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

at [S] <KM-> high V init</KM->

A

enzyme more active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is Km

A

substrate concentrate at 1/2 Vmax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is Km

A

concentration of substrate at cellular concentration in most cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Different substrates of the same enzyme have different?

A

Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Low values of Km indicate ?

A

tighter binding affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Michaelis Menten cure can be transformed into ?

A

a straight line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is a reversible inhibition

A

an inhibitor that binds to and dissociates from an enzyme form reaching equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the most common ways enzymes are regulated

A

cellular regulators, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the types of reversible inhibition

A

competitive, non competitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

job of competitive inhibition

A

S competes with inhibitor I for active site on E ➔ either S or I binds to E ➔ more
substrate required to reach a given reaction velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

job of noncompetitive inhibition

A

Inhibitor can bind to E or ES; S can bind to E or EIDifferent binding sites!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

is is the branch of thermodynamics that deals with
living organisms

A

bioenergetics

31
Q

total heat content (delta H)

A

enthalpy

31
Q

three factors that effect bioenergetic/biochemical reactions

A

enthalpy, entropy, free energy

32
Q

state of disorder (delta S)

A

entropy

33
Q

energy available to do chemical work

A

free energy

34
Q

predictor of spontaneity (delta G)

A

free energy

35
Q

first law of thermodyanamics

A

Energy cannot be created nor
destroyed, but can be transformed

36
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

Disorder always increases (+delta S)

37
Q

third law of dynamics

A

As the temperature of a perfect crystalline solid approaches absolute zero, disorder (S) approaches zero (0ºK or -273ºC)

38
Q

exothermic meaning

A

gives off heat (negative delta H)

39
Q

endothermic meaning

A

absorbs heat (positive delta H)

40
Q

exothermic or endothermic reactions are ones that are often favored?

A

exothermic-but cannot be used to predict the direction of reactions

41
Q

physical or chemical changes resulting in a realse of energy are?

A

spotaneous

42
Q

_reactions require constant energy output

A

non-spontaneous

43
Q

_is the missing factor to determine the direction of a reaction

A

entropy-delta S

44
Q

All spontaneous processes occur in the direction that increases _

A

disorder (deltaS >0)

45
Q

_ is the measure of disorder of a system

A

entropy

46
Q

more disorder the higher the _

A

entropy-drives reactions

47
Q

_is the combination of first and second laws of thermodynamics

A

Free energy (G)

48
Q

delta G equation

A

delta G= delta H - T delta S

49
Q

three possible values for free energy _

A

negative, positive, zero

50
Q

reaction is favorable when delta G is less than _

A

zero

51
Q

when reaction the negative heat term (delta H) is dominant, the reaction is _ driven

A

enthalpy

52
Q

if _ is more dominant, the reaction is entropy driven

A

T delta S

53
Q

are endergonic reactions spotaneous or non

A

non spontaneous

54
Q

delta G is greater than zero in what reactions

A

endergonic

55
Q

what reaction is unfavorable thermodynamically

A

endergonic

56
Q

what reaction is reverse reaction favored

A

endergonic

57
Q

metabolism has how many branches

A

two-anabolism, catabolism

58
Q

what is anabolism

A

large, complex molecules synthesized from smaller precursors

59
Q

what does anabolism require

A

requires enrgy (ATP and NADPH are the energy sources)

60
Q

Catabolism is what

A

large, complex molecules degraded into smaller, simpler product

61
Q

_releases energy

A

catabolism

62
Q

anaerobic process that does not need O2

A

Glycolysis

63
Q

_occurs in almost every living cell

A

Glycolysis

64
Q

ancient process central to all life

A

glycolysis

65
Q

spllit glucose intwo three-carbon pyruvate units

A

glucose catabolism-glycolysis

66
Q

catabolic process that captures some energy as 2 ATP and 2 NADH

A

glucose catabolism-glycolysis

67
Q

where does the Kreb Cycle occur

A

Mitochondria

68
Q

in the Kreb Cycle, cytosolic pyruvate must cross two membrane of_

A

mitochondria

69
Q

Outer membrane can be crossed using_ in the Kreb Cyle

A

porins

70
Q

Inner membrane can be crossed using _ in the Kreb Cycle

A

transport proteins

71
Q

three process in aerobic metabolism

A

citric acid cycle, electron trasport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation

72
Q

what are the intermediates of aerobic metabolism

A

NADH, FADH2, FMN, FAD

BCHEM (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions