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maturing family > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

normal age-related skin changes

A

decrease thickness, elasticity, wound healing, fat, fair follicles, dry skin and mucous membranes, skin spots.
xerosis, pruritis, scales, purapura, tears, keratosis, shingles, candidiasis

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2
Q

how to prevent common skin problems in older adults

A

Moisturize, hydrate, avoid sun, sunscreen

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3
Q

what is the Braden scale

A

scale to assess pressure injury
sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition , friction
higher is better

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4
Q

age-related nutrition changes

A

decreased tastebuds, saliva, odor, gastric motility, acid, emptying, appetite, muscle, increased fat,

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5
Q

how to prevent aspiration with dysphagia?

A

assess ability to swallow, assist with feeding, head of the bed,

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6
Q

what nutrients do older adults need?

A

less than 10% of fats, half veggies and fruit, 25% carbs, 25% protein, 25g of fiber

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7
Q

who is at risk for malnutrition?

A

people in acute and long term care, chronic disease and functional impairments, dementia, depression

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8
Q

age-related hydration changes

A

thirst decreased, creatinine decreased, total body water decreased, loss of muscle, increased fat, meds, functional impairment, conditions

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9
Q

what puts elders at risk for dehydration

A

changes, surgery, trauma, emotional illness,

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10
Q

what are the best ways to promote oral health?

A

frequent assessments, teach interventions, screening for disease, clean and fitting dentures, hygiene in hospitals and with feeding tubes,

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11
Q

age related changes to the urinary system

A

decreased bladder side, blood flow, tone and elasticity, urge to go, weak contractions, bladder can’t hold much,

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12
Q

how to promote healthy bladder and urinary system

A

increase fluids, regular pee schedule, teach pt, hygiene, identify UI

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13
Q

risk factors for urinary incontinence

A

mobility, cognition, caffeine, obesity, constipation ,hysterectomy, dementia, drugs,

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14
Q

age related changes for GI system

A

villi changes, blood flow decreases protein, fats, vitamins, slowed peristalsis, decreased response to rectal filling

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15
Q

age related changes in sleep

A

more time awake in bed and before falling asleep, sleep time and efficiency are reduced, day napping, changes in circadian rhythm, lighter sleep, abnormal breathing and movement

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16
Q

how to help insomnia

A

sleep hygiene, sleep assessment and diary,

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17
Q

actions to enhance sleep

A

sleep hygiene and meds

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18
Q

what nursing actions are important for sleep apnea

A

Cpaps, teaching, therapy

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19
Q

what nursing actions are important for restless leg syndrome

A

low dose of meds, mild exercise, massage, no alcohol or caffeine

20
Q

What benefits do older adults experience with physical activity

A

Enhance health and functional status, decrease chronic illness, helps depression,

21
Q

What are ways older adults keep active

A

Waster aerobics, walking, grandkids, yoga, classes, 2.5 hrs a week

22
Q

What are the risk factors for falls

A

Hx of falls, gait disturbances, foot deformities, orthostatic hypotension, cognitive impairment, vision and hearing, meds.

23
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Decreased by 20 systolic or 10. Distolic

24
Q

What are fall risk interventions

A

Programs, NICHE, ACE, GRN, HELP, vision screening, reduce meds, cv assessment, teach, help balance

25
Q

When are restraints used

A

Side rails for getting out of bed, when necessary to protect pt

26
Q

RACE

A

Rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish

27
Q

PASS

A

Pull. Aim, squeeze, sweep

28
Q

Gun safety 5Ls

A

locked, not Loaded, Little children , low feeling, learned user

29
Q

Best practices for driving safely

A

assess vision, hearing, medications

30
Q

What is aging in place and what are the pros and cons of

A

elder friendly community, safer places to live with transportation, gates, address needs, independent, social engagement

31
Q

what are the risk factors for older adults to develop a chronic disease?

A

tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse

32
Q

why is it hard to diagnose chronic conditions in older adults?

A

because they brush it off as normal parts of aging

33
Q

what is the nurses’ role in caring for persons with chronic disease

A

asses strengths and challenges, teach changes, decrease risk factors, provide resources,

34
Q

unmodifiable risk factors for CVD

A

age, male, family Hx, genetics, race

35
Q

modifiable risk factors for CVD

A

smoking, overweight, diet, activity, stress, substance use

36
Q

treatable risk factors for CVD

A

diabetes, high BP, sleep apnea

37
Q

blood pressure levels

A

norm. 120/80
high 140/90
diabetes 130/80

38
Q

what is atrial fibrillation and what does it put pts at risk for

A

irregular heart beat, can be asymptomatic, and at risk for a stroke

39
Q

signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure

A

breathlessness, fatigue, dependent edema, sleep problems

40
Q

signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure

A

shortness of breath, dyspnea

41
Q

cues for potential exacerbation of illness in an older adult with CVD

A

Dizzy, balance, appetite, weight, sleep, concentration, personality, anxiety, elimination problems,

42
Q

define peripheral vascular disease

A

partial or complete occlusions of veins or arteries. CVI- deoxygenated blood, DVT give diuretics. pAD- oxygenated blood, skin

43
Q

cues of a stroke

A

F- face drooping
A- arm raise
S- slurred speech
T- time, quickly treat

44
Q

differentiate the 2 types of strokes

A

Ischemic- reversible with meds, no blood in brain
Hemorrhagic- brain edema, cant fix, causes paralysis, dysphagia, aphasia

45
Q

Arterial v venus

A

Arterial- well defined edges, pale
Venus- non defined edges, red

maturing family (3 decks)

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