test 2 Flashcards
normal age-related skin changes
decrease thickness, elasticity, wound healing, fat, fair follicles, dry skin and mucous membranes, skin spots.
xerosis, pruritis, scales, purapura, tears, keratosis, shingles, candidiasis
how to prevent common skin problems in older adults
Moisturize, hydrate, avoid sun, sunscreen
what is the Braden scale
scale to assess pressure injury
sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition , friction
higher is better
age-related nutrition changes
decreased tastebuds, saliva, odor, gastric motility, acid, emptying, appetite, muscle, increased fat,
how to prevent aspiration with dysphagia?
assess ability to swallow, assist with feeding, head of the bed,
what nutrients do older adults need?
less than 10% of fats, half veggies and fruit, 25% carbs, 25% protein, 25g of fiber
who is at risk for malnutrition?
people in acute and long term care, chronic disease and functional impairments, dementia, depression
age-related hydration changes
thirst decreased, creatinine decreased, total body water decreased, loss of muscle, increased fat, meds, functional impairment, conditions
what puts elders at risk for dehydration
changes, surgery, trauma, emotional illness,
what are the best ways to promote oral health?
frequent assessments, teach interventions, screening for disease, clean and fitting dentures, hygiene in hospitals and with feeding tubes,
age related changes to the urinary system
decreased bladder side, blood flow, tone and elasticity, urge to go, weak contractions, bladder can’t hold much,
how to promote healthy bladder and urinary system
increase fluids, regular pee schedule, teach pt, hygiene, identify UI
risk factors for urinary incontinence
mobility, cognition, caffeine, obesity, constipation ,hysterectomy, dementia, drugs,
age related changes for GI system
villi changes, blood flow decreases protein, fats, vitamins, slowed peristalsis, decreased response to rectal filling
age related changes in sleep
more time awake in bed and before falling asleep, sleep time and efficiency are reduced, day napping, changes in circadian rhythm, lighter sleep, abnormal breathing and movement
how to help insomnia
sleep hygiene, sleep assessment and diary,
actions to enhance sleep
sleep hygiene and meds
what nursing actions are important for sleep apnea
Cpaps, teaching, therapy
what nursing actions are important for restless leg syndrome
low dose of meds, mild exercise, massage, no alcohol or caffeine
What benefits do older adults experience with physical activity
Enhance health and functional status, decrease chronic illness, helps depression,
What are ways older adults keep active
Waster aerobics, walking, grandkids, yoga, classes, 2.5 hrs a week
What are the risk factors for falls
Hx of falls, gait disturbances, foot deformities, orthostatic hypotension, cognitive impairment, vision and hearing, meds.
Orthostatic hypotension
Decreased by 20 systolic or 10. Distolic
What are fall risk interventions
Programs, NICHE, ACE, GRN, HELP, vision screening, reduce meds, cv assessment, teach, help balance
When are restraints used
Side rails for getting out of bed, when necessary to protect pt
RACE
Rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish
PASS
Pull. Aim, squeeze, sweep
Gun safety 5Ls
locked, not Loaded, Little children , low feeling, learned user
Best practices for driving safely
assess vision, hearing, medications
What is aging in place and what are the pros and cons of
elder friendly community, safer places to live with transportation, gates, address needs, independent, social engagement
what are the risk factors for older adults to develop a chronic disease?
tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse
why is it hard to diagnose chronic conditions in older adults?
because they brush it off as normal parts of aging
what is the nurses’ role in caring for persons with chronic disease
asses strengths and challenges, teach changes, decrease risk factors, provide resources,
unmodifiable risk factors for CVD
age, male, family Hx, genetics, race
modifiable risk factors for CVD
smoking, overweight, diet, activity, stress, substance use
treatable risk factors for CVD
diabetes, high BP, sleep apnea
blood pressure levels
norm. 120/80
high 140/90
diabetes 130/80
what is atrial fibrillation and what does it put pts at risk for
irregular heart beat, can be asymptomatic, and at risk for a stroke
signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure
breathlessness, fatigue, dependent edema, sleep problems
signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure
shortness of breath, dyspnea
cues for potential exacerbation of illness in an older adult with CVD
Dizzy, balance, appetite, weight, sleep, concentration, personality, anxiety, elimination problems,
define peripheral vascular disease
partial or complete occlusions of veins or arteries. CVI- deoxygenated blood, DVT give diuretics. pAD- oxygenated blood, skin
cues of a stroke
F- face drooping
A- arm raise
S- slurred speech
T- time, quickly treat
differentiate the 2 types of strokes
Ischemic- reversible with meds, no blood in brain
Hemorrhagic- brain edema, cant fix, causes paralysis, dysphagia, aphasia
Arterial v venus
Arterial- well defined edges, pale
Venus- non defined edges, red
