test 1 Flashcards
Active Theory
continued activity and the ability to stay young
predict and explain how those adjust to changes by activity level
work, wealth, and productivity
continuity theory
individual has a consistent behavior and pattern and substitute a role for another
personality influences roles and activities
pattern until not suitable
disengagement theory
elders withdrawal from activities early so the younger gen can do it
age discrimination
role theory
adjusting to aging, self-identity
age norms and expectations
pop culture challenges it
free radical theory
idk
culture
learned values, beliefs, expectations, and often religion and behaviors of a group pf people
cultural competence
step outside of biases and accept that others bring different values and priorities
LEARN
L- listen to pt
E- explain your perception
A- acknowledge
R- recommend a plan
N- negotiate a plan
what was the original purpose of social security?
provide benefits to older retired workers to prevent or minimize their dependency on younger people
medicare A B C and D
A- acute care, short term rehab, SNF, hospice
B- original, primary care visits, med services and equipment
C- HMO, extra coverage, referral
D- drugs
assisted living
housing and services
they cannot care for themselves and small health problems
Continuing care retirement communities
full range of residential options from single family homes, skilled nursing all in one and will move into what they need
skilled nursing facility
around the clock care for specialized care. hospital, rehabilitation, hospice, dementia, and a final home for those
more intense and more costly, post acute care
independent living
a community that is designed only for older adults
long term nursing facility
may not need intensive care but 24hour care, women, 80+, widowed, possible diabetes and high BP patients
inpatient rehabilitation facility
rehab within the hospital, needs intensive care of acute setting
elderspeak
ageism, where speech patterns change when talking with elders because we think they can understand us
like baby talk, pet names, using we and us, speak slow
what are the best ways to speak to older adults?
eye contact, eye level, patience and respect, clarifying
what is reminiscence and when is it used?
a sense or security by recalling memories, calming and helps memories
what are the normal age-related changes to the brain
the number of neurons decrease, decrease neurotransmitters, memory is NOT normal
how to improve/maintain memory and brain health?
engage in cognitive, sensory and motor activities, no distractions, repetition,
health literacy
ability to understand and process health information, assess what they know
what factors affect health history
visual and auditory, dexterity, language and health fluency, translation, available interpreter, cognitive ability
what is FANCAPES
fluids, aeration, nutrition, communication, activity, pain, elimination, social skills
what is the most common ADL assessment?
Katz index
ADLs
activities of daily living- dressing, bathing, bathroom
IADLs
instrumental adls- cooking, cleaning, transportation
MMSE
day, date, month, year, season, state, ect.
3 words recall, calculations
spell words backwards
clock drawing test
have them draw a clock and say “ten past 11”
mini-cog
3 unrelated words to remember, clock test, MMSE then ask for 3 words
age related changes affecting pharmokenetics and pharmodynamics?
decreased absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. dehydration etc.
why do older adults have polypharmacy so often?
lack of communication between different doctors
how do you prevent polypharmacy?
read charts, check beers list, med bags when admitted
what are the consequences of polypharmacy?
toxicity, interactions
what is the Beers Criteria?
list of meds that are dangerous for older people and shouldn’t be used
normal age-related vision changes?
decrease near vision (presbyopia), eyelid drooping, dry eyes, flat cornea, astigmatism, chambers decrease volume, floaters
how to prevent vision problems in older adults?
get eyes checked
macular degeneration
thickening of the center of the retina
vessels become leaky and fluid accumulates with the macula, blurred vision in center
glaucoma
darkening on the sides, can’t see in dim areas, ha, glares
diabetic retinopathy
blood sugar causes damage to blood vessels in retina, leaks into eyes, black splotches, floaters, type 2
cataracts
cloudy lens, halos around objects, dim
normal age related hearing changes
presbycusis, noise induced, conductive
how to prevent hearing problems in older adults?
screening, idk
what are the pros and cons of hearing aids?
not covered by insurance, many different types
primary prevention
general prevention, shots, education for pt
secondary prevention
screening and early detection, mammogram, colonoscopy
