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Dental Materials > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of dental injuries are sports related?

A

39%

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2
Q

What is the most frequent age range for sports related dental injuries?

A

8 - 15

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3
Q

How many seasons can a mouth guard be used for?

A

One

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4
Q

True or False: mouth guards require adequate thickness in all areas

A

True

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5
Q

What are the functions of mouth guards?

A
  1. Prevent tooth injury
  2. Prevent jaw fracture
  3. Shield lips, tongue, and gingival tissues from laceration
  4. Reduce potential TMJ disorders
  5. Protection of teeth during surgical procedures
  6. Protection of teeth during shock therapy
  7. Containment during head and neck cancer
  8. Prevention of potential concussions
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6
Q

What are the types of mouth guards?

A
  1. Stock
  2. Boil and Bite
  3. Custom vacuum-formed single layer
  4. Pressure laminated multiple layer
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a stock type mouth guard?

A

One size fits all
Over the counter
Least protective
Polyurethane, rubber latex, or vinyl plastisol

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a boil and bite mouth guard?

A

Used formed
Over the counter
Little protection

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of a custom vacuum-formed single layer mouth guard?

A

Custom fit
Made in office
Good protection

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a pressure laminated multiple layer mouth guard?

A

Fusion of multiple layers of EVA
Made in office
Best protection

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11
Q

What is the material that will reversible soften on heating and harden on cooling?

A

Thermoplastic

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12
Q

What is the most common mouth guard material?

A

Polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene EVA

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13
Q

What are the maintenance recommendations for mouth guards?

A

Rinse under cold water
Occasionally clean with soap and cool water
Do not scrub with anything abrasive
Do not use alcohol or denture cleaners
Store in provided container

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14
Q

What is bruxism?

A

Teeth grinding

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15
Q

What is a hard plastic night guard to treat nocturnal bruxism?

A

Occlusal splint

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16
Q

How does a night guard work?

A

Absorbs forces of grinding / clenching
Minimized loss of tooth structure
Eases muscle hyperactivity
Reduced pressure on TMJ

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17
Q

What is a nociception trigeminal inhibitor?

A

A small clear plastic worn over two front teeth at night to prevent posterior teeth from contacting

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18
Q

What does an anterior deprogrammer do?

A

Treats grinders / clenchers
Treats headache sufferers
Diagnoses TMD
Relaxes muscles by not letting posterior teeth contact

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19
Q

What is an aqualizer?

A

A fluid system that creates bite balance and muscle repositioning for TMJ pain relief

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20
Q

What are the indications for fixed prosthodontics?

A

One or two adjacent teeth are missing on the same arch
Supporting tissues are healthy
Suitable abutment teeth are present
Client is in good health and want the tx
Client has good OSC

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21
Q

Contraindications for fixed prosthodontics

A

Diseases or missing supporting tissues
No suitable abutment teeth
Poor health and unmotivated
Poor oral hygiene
Cannot afford

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22
Q

Advantages of fixed prosthodontics

A

Greater retention
Increased strength
Colour match customization

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23
Q

Disadvantages of fixed prosthodontics

A

Extensive tooth structure removal
Gingival irritation at the margin
Cannot use electric vitality tests
Galvanism
Ceramic can fracture

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24
Q

Where are cast / indirect restorations made?

A

In the lab

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25
Q

Where are direct restorations made?

A

Made in office

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26
Q

Which type of fixed restoration covers a portion of the occlusal and proximal surface but does not cover cusps?

A

Inlay

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27
Q

What type of fixed restoration covers most of the occlusal and proximal surfaces including cusps?

A

Onlay

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28
Q

Which type of fixed restoration is a thin shell of tooth-coloured material?

A

Veneer

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29
Q

Where is a direct veneer (bonded veneer) made?

A

In the mouth (composite)

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30
Q

Where is an indirect veneer made?

A

In the lab (porcelain)

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31
Q

What type of fixed restoration covers the whole tooth?

A

Full crown

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32
Q

What type of fixed restoration covers all surfaces of the tooth except for the buccal / facial surface?

A

3/4 crown

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33
Q

True or False: a PFM crown has the strength of a metal crown but the appearance of a natural tooth

A

True

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34
Q

True or False: a porcelain jacket crown has the same strength as a PFM

A

False. A porcelain jacket crown is not as strong as a PFM

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35
Q

What does the units refer to in a fixed bridge?

A

The total number of abutments and pontics involved

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36
Q

What is the artificial tooth that replaces the missing tooth in a fixed bridge?

A

Pontic

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37
Q

What is the retainer teeth that supports the pontics called?

A

Abutments

38
Q

What is the point where two adjacent units of the bridge are joined together?

A

Solder joint

39
Q

What is a cantilever bridge?

A

A bridge that ends on a pontic

40
Q

Can a cantilever bridge be placed with traumatic occlusion?

A

No

41
Q

What is Maryland bridge?

A

Bridge with metal wings that are cemented on instead of crown like abutments.

42
Q

How is a Maryland bridge cemented?

A

Using composite resin

43
Q

What is the benefit of a Maryland bridge?

A

Little to no reduction on the retainer tooth surfaces

44
Q

What are the POI for a crown?

A

Don’t eat anything heard or sticky for the first day
Gently test the bite after the freezing has worn off and if it doesn’t feel right call the office for an adjustment.

45
Q

Benefits of a removable partial denture

A

Non-invasive
Low cost
Restores function
Preserves remaining teeth

46
Q

What are the disadvantages of partial dentures?

A

Not fixed
Increased bacterial plaque
Requires replacement
Esthetics
Uncomfortable

47
Q

Partial denture parts

A

Resin base
Occlusal rest
Clasp
Major connector (lingual bar)
Minor connector
Artificial teeth

48
Q

Full denture parts

A

Artificial teeth
Base
Post palatial seal
Flange

49
Q

How to minimize plaque retention for removable partial dentures?

A

Open, hygienic design
Minimized contact with gingival tissue
Well-fitting distal extension denture bases
Well adjusted clasps for optimal retention, resistance, and stability
Regular topical fluoride application to abutment teeth

50
Q

What are the indications for a removable partial denture?

A

Replacing several teeth in the quad / both quads in the same arch
Temporary replacement for missing teeth in a child
Avoiding reducing tooth structure
Replacing teeth for those who don’t want a fixed prostho

51
Q

What are the contraindications for a partial denture?

A

Lack of suitable teeth to support, stabilize, and retain
Rempant caries / perio disease
Lack of client acceptance
Chronic poor OH

52
Q

What are the negative side effects of dentures?

A

Bone resorption
Speech disturbances
20% masicatory efficiency
Xerostomia

53
Q

How to care for dentures

A

Store in water
Remove after eating to brush / rinse
Brush and floss abutment teeth
Take out overnight

54
Q

What are the precision attachments?

A

Attachments to provide stability where the female part is soldered to a fixed crown and the male part is attached to the partial denture.

55
Q

What are the indications for CUD/CLD?

A

Totally edentulous client
Remaining teeth cannot be saved
Remaining teeth cannot support a partial denture
Client refuses alternative treatments
Rampant caries
Severe bone loss

56
Q

Contraindications for CUD/CLD?

A

Mental / physical condition
Any other alternatives
Sensitivity to the materials
Not interested in having missing teeth replaced

57
Q

True or False: Dentures have an acrylic base with acrylic, porcelain, or composite teeth.

A

True

58
Q

What are the different types of complete dentures?

A

Complete
Immediate
Overdenture
Interim / Temporary

59
Q

What are the POI for dentures?

A

Adjustments are most likely needed
Soreness and discomfort to be expected
Natural teeth may feel discomfort
Damage can occur is the denture care is neglected
Client to com in regularly for dental visits
Remove at least once every 24 hours, preferably overnight

60
Q

What are denture relines?

A

Adding lining material to a denture to fill gaps and improve the fit

61
Q

Which type of reline is permanent, the denture acts as an impression tray and is sent to the lab for fabrication?

A

Hard tissue reline

62
Q

Which type of reline is temporary and is done in the office?

A

Soft tissue

63
Q

What type of reline is done when the tissues are in poor condition?

A

Therapeutic

64
Q

Other than hard tissue, soft tissue, and therapeutic, what is the other type of reline?

A

Over the counter

65
Q

What are denture reline disadvantages?

A

Makes cleaning difficult
Can cause a foul smell
Growth of Candida albicans

66
Q

What are the types of denture cleaners?

A

Sodium hypochlorite, Calgon, and water
Hydrogen peroxide and bicarbonate
Polident

67
Q

What is a root canal?

A

The removal of all pulp due to inflammation / infection

68
Q

What is a pulpotomy?

A

Removal of the coronal portion of pulp (commonly in kids)

69
Q

What are the indications for a root canal?

A

Deep tooth decay
Cracked tooth
Traumatic dental injury
Elective

70
Q

What is the inflammation of pulp as a defence against bacteria?

A

Pulpitis

71
Q

What is it called when the level of inflammation of the pulp cannot be reversed and cannot heal?

A

Irreversible pulpitis

72
Q

Signs of needing a root canal

A

Pain to pressure
Pain to temperature
Spontaneous pain
Constant pain
Swelling (abscess)

73
Q

What is the progression of root canal recommendations?

A

Early - can be seen before decay reaches the pulp

Pulp necrosis- bacteria penetrates into the pulp

Complete necrosis - All of the pulp is infected and can causes abscesses and bone loss

74
Q

Characteristics of acute abscesses

A

Expands to the gums and face
Can need surgical drainage
Severe cases may need hospitalization

75
Q

Characteristics of chronic abscesses

A

Abscess expands and burrows through the bone exiting through the gingival (fistula)
No pain due to exudate having a place to drain

76
Q

What are the two types of dentist’s assessment for root canals?

A

Subjective
Objective

77
Q

What are the subjective tests for DDS assessment for root canals?

A

Chief complaint
Pain
Sensitivity

78
Q

What are the objective tests for DDS assessment for root canals?

A

Perio exam
Mobility
Swelling
Discolouration
Pulp exposure
Decay

79
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for a root canal?

A

Percussion and palpating
Thermal sensitivity
Electric pulp testing
X-rays

80
Q

What is gutta perch a made of?

A

Natural form of latex from the tree genera Palaquim and Payena

81
Q

True or False: Whitening works on enamel.

A

False. Whitening works on dentin

82
Q

What are the whiten products active ingredients?

A

Hydrogen peroxide
Carbamide peroxide

83
Q

Which whitening ingredient is used for little stains?

A

Carbamide peroxide

84
Q

Which whitening ingredient is used for night time use?

A

Carbamide peroxide

85
Q

How long do you use whitening with hydrogen peroxide for in a session?

A

30 - 90 minutes

86
Q

What is the whitening end point?

A

The max white shade a person can obtain

87
Q

What is the rebound effect of whitening?

A

Colour regression

88
Q

How long after whitening should a client wait before any dental procedures?

A

14 days

89
Q

Teeth will be dehydrated after whitening. How long will they take to re-hydrate?

A

72 hours

90
Q

What is a very common side effect of whitening?

A

Sensitivity

91
Q

How long to avoid staining food for in office whitening?

A

2 hours

92
Q

How long to avoid staining food for at home whitening?

A

30 minutes

Dental Materials (2 decks)

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