Test 2 Flashcards by Laura V

What percentage of dental injuries are sports related?

39%

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What is the most frequent age range for sports related dental injuries?

8 - 15

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How many seasons can a mouth guard be used for?

One

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True or False: mouth guards require adequate thickness in all areas

True

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What are the functions of mouth guards?

Prevent tooth injury
Prevent jaw fracture
Shield lips, tongue, and gingival tissues from laceration
Reduce potential TMJ disorders
Protection of teeth during surgical procedures
Protection of teeth during shock therapy
Containment during head and neck cancer
Prevention of potential concussions

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What are the types of mouth guards?

Stock
Boil and Bite
Custom vacuum-formed single layer
Pressure laminated multiple layer

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What are the characteristics of a stock type mouth guard?

One size fits all
Over the counter
Least protective
Polyurethane, rubber latex, or vinyl plastisol

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What are the characteristics of a boil and bite mouth guard?

Used formed
Over the counter
Little protection

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What are the characteristics of a custom vacuum-formed single layer mouth guard?

Custom fit
Made in office
Good protection

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What are the characteristics of a pressure laminated multiple layer mouth guard?

Fusion of multiple layers of EVA
Made in office
Best protection

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What is the material that will reversible soften on heating and harden on cooling?

Thermoplastic

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What is the most common mouth guard material?

Polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene EVA

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What are the maintenance recommendations for mouth guards?

Rinse under cold water
Occasionally clean with soap and cool water
Do not scrub with anything abrasive
Do not use alcohol or denture cleaners
Store in provided container

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What is bruxism?

Teeth grinding

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What is a hard plastic night guard to treat nocturnal bruxism?

Occlusal splint

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How does a night guard work?

Absorbs forces of grinding / clenching
Minimized loss of tooth structure
Eases muscle hyperactivity
Reduced pressure on TMJ

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What is a nociception trigeminal inhibitor?

A small clear plastic worn over two front teeth at night to prevent posterior teeth from contacting

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What does an anterior deprogrammer do?

Treats grinders / clenchers
Treats headache sufferers
Diagnoses TMD
Relaxes muscles by not letting posterior teeth contact

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What is an aqualizer?

A fluid system that creates bite balance and muscle repositioning for TMJ pain relief

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What are the indications for fixed prosthodontics?

One or two adjacent teeth are missing on the same arch
Supporting tissues are healthy
Suitable abutment teeth are present
Client is in good health and want the tx
Client has good OSC

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Contraindications for fixed prosthodontics

Diseases or missing supporting tissues
No suitable abutment teeth
Poor health and unmotivated
Poor oral hygiene
Cannot afford

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Advantages of fixed prosthodontics

Greater retention
Increased strength
Colour match customization

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Disadvantages of fixed prosthodontics

Extensive tooth structure removal
Gingival irritation at the margin
Cannot use electric vitality tests
Galvanism
Ceramic can fracture

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Where are cast / indirect restorations made?

In the lab

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Where are direct restorations made?

Made in office

Which type of fixed restoration covers a portion of the occlusal and proximal surface but does not cover cusps?

Inlay

What type of fixed restoration covers most of the occlusal and proximal surfaces including cusps?

Onlay

Which type of fixed restoration is a thin shell of tooth-coloured material?

Veneer

Where is a direct veneer (bonded veneer) made?

In the mouth (composite)

Where is an indirect veneer made?

In the lab (porcelain)

What type of fixed restoration covers the whole tooth?

Full crown

What type of fixed restoration covers all surfaces of the tooth except for the buccal / facial surface?

3/4 crown

True or False: a PFM crown has the strength of a metal crown but the appearance of a natural tooth

True

True or False: a porcelain jacket crown has the same strength as a PFM

False. A porcelain jacket crown is not as strong as a PFM

What does the units refer to in a fixed bridge?

The total number of abutments and pontics involved

What is the artificial tooth that replaces the missing tooth in a fixed bridge?

Pontic

What is the retainer teeth that supports the pontics called?

Abutments

What is the point where two adjacent units of the bridge are joined together?

Solder joint

What is a cantilever bridge?

A bridge that ends on a pontic

Can a cantilever bridge be placed with traumatic occlusion?

What is Maryland bridge?

Bridge with metal wings that are cemented on instead of crown like abutments.

How is a Maryland bridge cemented?

Using composite resin

What is the benefit of a Maryland bridge?

Little to no reduction on the retainer tooth surfaces

What are the POI for a crown?

Don’t eat anything heard or sticky for the first day Gently test the bite after the freezing has worn off and if it doesn’t feel right call the office for an adjustment.

Benefits of a removable partial denture

Non-invasive Low cost Restores function Preserves remaining teeth

What are the disadvantages of partial dentures?

Not fixed Increased bacterial plaque Requires replacement Esthetics Uncomfortable

Partial denture parts

Resin base Occlusal rest Clasp Major connector (lingual bar) Minor connector Artificial teeth

Full denture parts

Artificial teeth Base Post palatial seal Flange

How to minimize plaque retention for removable partial dentures?

Open, hygienic design Minimized contact with gingival tissue Well-fitting distal extension denture bases Well adjusted clasps for optimal retention, resistance, and stability Regular topical fluoride application to abutment teeth

What are the indications for a removable partial denture?

Replacing several teeth in the quad / both quads in the same arch Temporary replacement for missing teeth in a child Avoiding reducing tooth structure Replacing teeth for those who don’t want a fixed prostho

What are the contraindications for a partial denture?

Lack of suitable teeth to support, stabilize, and retain Rempant caries / perio disease Lack of client acceptance Chronic poor OH

What are the negative side effects of dentures?

Bone resorption Speech disturbances 20% masicatory efficiency Xerostomia

How to care for dentures

Store in water Remove after eating to brush / rinse Brush and floss abutment teeth Take out overnight

What are the precision attachments?

Attachments to provide stability where the female part is soldered to a fixed crown and the male part is attached to the partial denture.

What are the indications for CUD/CLD?

Totally edentulous client Remaining teeth cannot be saved Remaining teeth cannot support a partial denture Client refuses alternative treatments Rampant caries Severe bone loss

Contraindications for CUD/CLD?

Mental / physical condition Any other alternatives Sensitivity to the materials Not interested in having missing teeth replaced

True or False: Dentures have an acrylic base with acrylic, porcelain, or composite teeth.

True

What are the different types of complete dentures?

Complete Immediate Overdenture Interim / Temporary

What are the POI for dentures?

Adjustments are most likely needed Soreness and discomfort to be expected Natural teeth may feel discomfort Damage can occur is the denture care is neglected Client to com in regularly for dental visits Remove at least once every 24 hours, preferably overnight

What are denture relines?

Adding lining material to a denture to fill gaps and improve the fit

Which type of reline is permanent, the denture acts as an impression tray and is sent to the lab for fabrication?

Hard tissue reline

Which type of reline is temporary and is done in the office?

Soft tissue

What type of reline is done when the tissues are in poor condition?

Therapeutic

Other than hard tissue, soft tissue, and therapeutic, what is the other type of reline?

Over the counter

What are denture reline disadvantages?

Makes cleaning difficult Can cause a foul smell Growth of Candida albicans

What are the types of denture cleaners?

Sodium hypochlorite, Calgon, and water Hydrogen peroxide and bicarbonate Polident

What is a root canal?

The removal of all pulp due to inflammation / infection

What is a pulpotomy?

Removal of the coronal portion of pulp (commonly in kids)

What are the indications for a root canal?

Deep tooth decay Cracked tooth Traumatic dental injury Elective

What is the inflammation of pulp as a defence against bacteria?

Pulpitis

What is it called when the level of inflammation of the pulp cannot be reversed and cannot heal?

Irreversible pulpitis

Signs of needing a root canal

Pain to pressure Pain to temperature Spontaneous pain Constant pain Swelling (abscess)

What is the progression of root canal recommendations?

Early - can be seen before decay reaches the pulp Pulp necrosis- bacteria penetrates into the pulp Complete necrosis - All of the pulp is infected and can causes abscesses and bone loss

Characteristics of acute abscesses

Expands to the gums and face Can need surgical drainage Severe cases may need hospitalization

Characteristics of chronic abscesses

Abscess expands and burrows through the bone exiting through the gingival (fistula) No pain due to exudate having a place to drain

What are the two types of dentist’s assessment for root canals?

Subjective Objective

What are the subjective tests for DDS assessment for root canals?

Chief complaint Pain Sensitivity

What are the objective tests for DDS assessment for root canals?

Perio exam Mobility Swelling Discolouration Pulp exposure Decay

What are the diagnostic tests for a root canal?

Percussion and palpating Thermal sensitivity Electric pulp testing X-rays

What is gutta perch a made of?

Natural form of latex from the tree genera Palaquim and Payena

True or False: Whitening works on enamel.

False. Whitening works on dentin

What are the whiten products active ingredients?

Hydrogen peroxide Carbamide peroxide

Which whitening ingredient is used for little stains?

Carbamide peroxide

Which whitening ingredient is used for night time use?

Carbamide peroxide

How long do you use whitening with hydrogen peroxide for in a session?

30 - 90 minutes

What is the whitening end point?

The max white shade a person can obtain

What is the rebound effect of whitening?

Colour regression

How long after whitening should a client wait before any dental procedures?

14 days

Teeth will be dehydrated after whitening. How long will they take to re-hydrate?

72 hours

What is a very common side effect of whitening?

Sensitivity

How long to avoid staining food for in office whitening?

2 hours

How long to avoid staining food for at home whitening?

30 minutes