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Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the benefits of composite resin?

A

Mimic tooth’s natural appearance
Various shades available
Can be placed anywhere

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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of placing composite resin?

A

Wears faster than metal or enamel
Moisture contamination causes failure

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3
Q

What are the advantages of placing porcelain restorations?

A

Highly aesthetic
Highly resistant to wear
Can be placed anywhere

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages to placing porcelain restorations?

A

Prone to fractures
Abrasive to adjacent teeth

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5
Q

What are the benefits of placing glass ionomer?

A

Fluoride releasing
Good tissue compatibility

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of glass ionomer restorations?

A

Low strength - not good for load bearing areas
Visible - less aethetically pleasing

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7
Q

What classes of restorations can glass ionomer be used for?

A

V
III
IV in anteriors

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8
Q

What are the advantages of placing amalgam restorations?

A

High compressive strength - good for load bearing areas
Long lasting ad restitant to wear

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of placing amalgam restorations?

A

Less asethetically pleasing
Large amalgams act as a wedge from biting forces eventally causing fractures in remaining tooth structure

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10
Q

Where are amalgam restorations usually used?

A

On posterior teeth

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11
Q

What are the advantages of placing gold cast restorations?

A

Very durable
High tissue compatibility
Good margins
Minial tooth prep

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12
Q

Is the aesthetic of a gold cast restoration an advantage or disadvantage of placement?

A

Can be seen as either depending on the individual. Some find it makes a person look wealthy while others do not want visible restorations

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13
Q

Where is a cast restoration fabricated?

A

Outside the mouth

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14
Q

What five ways can be used to differentiate between a tooth and a restoration?

A
  1. Visual
  2. Tactile
  3. Instrumentation
  4. Radiographs
  5. Sounds
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15
Q

What visual cues can be used to determine if there is a restoration present?

A

Colour
Glossy/dull
Smooth
Matte
Polished

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16
Q

What tactile cues can be used to determine if a restoration is present?

A

Hard to soft feeling
Smooth or rougher feeling

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17
Q

What instrumentation cues can be used to determine if a restoration is present?

A

Different feel than tooth structure
Black line of metal may be apparant when an explorer is used on composite resin

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18
Q

How can radiographs be used to determine if a restoration is present?

A

Restorations show up radiopaque with amalgam being more so than composite resin

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19
Q

How can sounds be used to determine if restorations are present?

A

Dull sounds indicate composite resin, glass ionomer, pit and fissure sealants, and cement

Sharp sounds indicate polished metals and porcelain

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20
Q

True or False: Visually, composite resin can be hard to differentiate from enamel?

A

True

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21
Q

How can the air/water syringe be used to help determine if a tooth has a composite resin?

A

By drying the tooth

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22
Q

Why are restorations polished?

A

To give a smooth, glossy finish and reduce irregularities and potential for plaque acculumlation

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23
Q

What are the considerations for polishing restorations?

A

Polish the margins and not the entire thing to prevent damage
Use the smallest abrasion possible, whatever will remove the stain and biofilm without changing the restoration

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24
Q

What should be used for polishing gold restorations?

A

Tin oxide is best
Brownie and greenie points can both be used

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25
What should be used for polishing porcelain restorations?
Can use paste (aluminum oxide paste)
26
What negative reactions can happen from polishing amalgam restorations?
Produces exessive heat and a temp over 104*F will alter the surface and release mercury Accelerated corrosion and marginal breakdown
27
What happens from excessive polishing of amalgam restorations?
They become rougher
28
What should be used for polishing composite resin restorations?
Finishing strips from most abrasive to least abrasive grit Aluminum oxide coated discs Composite polishing paste Diamond micro polishers
29
What are the scaling considerations for restorations?
Scaling can open margins and create areas susceptible to decay so alterations must be made to technique - working stroke must be kept below the margin and oblique or horizontal stroke used on the facial and/or lingual
30
Ultrasonic scaling can cause damage to what types of restorations?
Composite resins Veneers Crowns Titanium implant abutments Porcelain
31
True or False: ultrasonic scaling cannot correct amalgam overhangs
False. Ultrasonic scaling can correct amalgam overhangs
32
Air polishers can damage what types of restorations?
Cement Composite resin Non-metallic restorations
33
What damage can air polishers do certain restorations?
Can cause pitting or removal Can significantly damage margins
34
What are the two types of fluoride application?
Stannous fluoride Acidulated phosphate fluoride
35
True or False: Stannous fluoride can cause discolouration of tooth coloured restorations and enamel?
True
36
True or False: Acidulated phosphate fluoride etches porcelain, composite resin, and glass ionomer?
True
37
True or False: Acidulated phosphate fluoride causes a brightened appearance.
False: Acidulated phosphate flouride causes a dull appearance
38
When using acidulated phosphate flouride on a restoration what needs to be placed first?
Petrolium jelly
39
What does CAMBRA stand for?
Caries Managment By Risk Assessment
40
What are the indications for pit and fissure sealants?
Deep pits and fissures Ages 6-15 years old Developmental defects Incipident caries (with no evidence of proximal caries) Xerostomia Ortho Head and neck radiation therapy High caries experience (prone to caries) Newly erupted posterior teeth
41
Where are the most applications of pit and fissure sealants?
On children On fully, newly erupted teeth On the occlusal surfaces of the 6's and 7's On the buccal pits of the lower molars Of the lingual pits of the upper molars On incipient lesions
42
How long does a pit and fissure sealant prevent the progression of incipient lesions?
Up to 5 years
43
What are the contraindications for placing pit and fissure sealants?
Radiographic evidence of proximal caries Partially erupted teeth Client allergy to acrylate Low risk of caries
44
What is the difference between filled and unfilled sealants?
Filled sealants contain filling particles
45
Do filled sealants have an increased or decreased bonding strength over unfilled?
Increased
46
How much stronger are filled sealants to occlusal wear than unfilled sealants?
2 times as wear resistant
47
Does the occlusion need to be checked for filled sealants?
Yes
48
Does the occlusion need to be checked for unfilled sealants?
No
49
Which sealant is more commonly used in community health and or/school settings, filled or unfilled?
Unfilled
50
Do fillers increase or decrease the viscosity of the sealant?
Increase
51
What is the difference between autopolymerizated and photopolymerized sealants?
Autopolymerizated self-cure and photopolymerized are cured with a curing light.
52
Which type of sealant is more commonly used in a community health and/or school setting, autopolymerized or photopolymerized?
Autopolymerized
53
What are the post op instructions for pit and fissure sealants?
Eating and drinking allowed right away but avoid gum/sticky foods for 24 hours. Call the office if the sealant dislodges, feels rough or high.
54
What causes a sealant to fail?
Moisture contamination Fluoride in the pumice
55
What is the procedure for placing a photopolymerized filled sealant?
Polish with plain pumice Rinse pumice for 30 seconds Isolate with cotton rolls/Dri-Angle Thoroughly dry tooth for 20 seconds Apply acid etch and let sit for 10-20 seconds Rinse etch for 30-60 seconds Dry throughly for 20 seconds and replace isolation Apply sealant material, use explorer to disperse if needed Light cure for 30 seconds Try to lift sealant with explorer to ensure it is properly adhered Check occlusion adjust if needed wth slow speed bur Apply fluoride varnish Provide POI
56
What to do if you get etch on your skin or client's oral mucosa?
Rinse right away
57
What does etch do?
Creates irregularities in enamel to facilitate atachment by increasing space between enamel rods
58
What does the tooth surface look like after etching?
Dull, chalky, white, and opaque
59
When is use of a rubber dam indicated?
When there are difficulties maintaining mositure control During endo procedures During procedures requiring gingival protection
60
What are the contraindications fo using a rubber dam?
Clients with latex allergy Client with claustrophobia Clients with breathing difficulties
61
What size hole is punched for molars in a rubber dam?
4
62
What size hole is punched for mandibular anteriors in a rubber dam?
1
63
What size hole is punched for maxillary anteriors and canines ina rubber dam?
2
64
What size hole is punched for the anchor tooth in a rubber dam?
5
65
What size hole is punched for premolars in a rubber dam?
3
66
67
What teeth to punch holes for a posterior rubber dam isolation?
Punch one tooth distal from the tooth being treated and punch to the midline or one tooth past the midline
68
How to punch holes for anterior rubber dam isolation?
Punch canine to canine
69
When to punch a single tooth only in a rubber dam?
During endo procedures for the tooth being treated
70
How to punch a rubber dam for children?
Isolate one tooth mesial and one tooth distal to the tooth being treated
71
What is a ligature in regards to rubber dam isolation?
A piece of floss tied around teh clamp to prevent it being swallowed and a piece cut off the rubber dam and placed at the opposite end of the anchor tooth to stabilize the dam
72
What are the post op instructions for IST?
Do not apply pressure or eat for one hour Avoid flossing around interproximal placements Inform client this filling is temporary and requires follow up with a dentist
73
What are the advantages of IST?
Control of caries (GI realases Fl) Conserves tooth structure Non-invasive Cost-effective
74
How to prepare a tooth for IST?
Remove any debris/mush, and if pulp will be exposed, leave a layer between the pulp and the IST
75
Indications for IST
Client has no medical contraindications No pulpal involvement There is risk of progression Client is in discomfort Client's access to permanent restorations is not immediate Cavitation is one surface or two small surfaces
76
Contraindications for IST
If local anaesthetic is required Client has medical contraindications Tooth requires removal of tooth structure Pulpal involvement Load bearing area Abscesses
77
ROC for IST
Date/Time MH Indication for placement ICO Teeth being treatment + surfaces Material used Integrity/prognosis Occlusal adjustment POI Client must follow up with DDS Referral Signature/Date/Time
78
What is CHOI
Children's Oral Health Initiative
79
What are the indications for fluoride trays?
High caries risk Xerostomia Overdentures Hypersensitivity Raditation therapy Physical impairment
80
Contraindications for fluoride trays?
Client under age 6
81
What are the instructions for using fluoride trays?
Brush and floss Load trays with a thin ribbon of material Ensure flouroide gets to all surfaces of the tooth Expectorate excess fluoride Use trays for 5 minutes per day
82
What are the care instructions for fluoride trays?
Rinse under cool water Dry thoroughly after use Brush with mild soap if needed Store in cooler areas to prevent warping
83
What are the post op instructions for fluoride trays?
Do not eat, drink, or rinse for 30 minutes after use Do not swallow any excess fluoride No smoking or alcohol use for 30 minutes
84
How do you trim fluoride trays around the gingival margin?
Scalloped to follow the margin 1mm apical to it. Linguals can be straight edge instead of scalloped.
85
What are the types of fluoride?
Clinpro 500 Gel Kam Prevident 5000 X-pur Types for radiation therapy use: Biotene products Sodium fluoride Prevident or Clinpro
86
Where is silver diamine fluoride applied?
To the lesion
87
SDF will turn lesions _____.
Black
88
_____ is to be applied on top of SDF.
Fluoride
89
When should SDF be re-evaluated?
After 1-3 weeks
90
What are the indications for whitening?
Remove instrinsic staining (exo and endogenous) Client is unhappy with their tooth colour To lighten to match to crowns Before veneer placement
91
Contraindications for whitening?
Pregnancy Breastfeeding Allergy to material Defective restorations Recession Enamel cracks Tooth sensitivity Caries Primary teeth Periodontal disease
92
How to trim a whitening tray in regards to the margins?
Scalloped 0.5 mm apical to the margin, as close as it can get.
93
ROC for whitening tray delivery?
Date/Time MH ICO Initial Shade Insertion of trays by clinican and client Type and percentage of whitening material Useage instructions POI Care of trays Potential side effects Signature/Date/Time
94
What are the side effects of whitening?
Thermal hypersesitivity Tissue irritation
95
How does hydrogen-carbamide peroxide work on a stain?
Breaks it down into hydrogen peroxide and urea (waste product). H2O2 oxidizes stain via free radicals.
96
What are the instructions for whitening?
Brush and floss Use a little bit of matieral, one dot per tooth on the facial Remove any excess immediately Do not eat or drink while using Discontinue if experiencing side effects Brush and rinse with warm water, no toothpaste
97
What types of stain does whitening work best on?
Yellow-brown stains
98
What happens to horizontal bands of stain when using whitening?
They will bleach at different rates
99
How is extrinic stain removed?
With polishing and scaling
100
How is intrinsic stain removed?
With whitening

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