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Dental Materials > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the benefits of composite resin?

A

Mimic tooth’s natural appearance
Various shades available
Can be placed anywhere

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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of placing composite resin?

A

Wears faster than metal or enamel
Moisture contamination causes failure

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3
Q

What are the advantages of placing porcelain restorations?

A

Highly aesthetic
Highly resistant to wear
Can be placed anywhere

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages to placing porcelain restorations?

A

Prone to fractures
Abrasive to adjacent teeth

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5
Q

What are the benefits of placing glass ionomer?

A

Fluoride releasing
Good tissue compatibility

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of glass ionomer restorations?

A

Low strength - not good for load bearing areas
Visible - less aethetically pleasing

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7
Q

What classes of restorations can glass ionomer be used for?

A

V
III
IV in anteriors

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8
Q

What are the advantages of placing amalgam restorations?

A

High compressive strength - good for load bearing areas
Long lasting ad restitant to wear

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of placing amalgam restorations?

A

Less asethetically pleasing
Large amalgams act as a wedge from biting forces eventally causing fractures in remaining tooth structure

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10
Q

Where are amalgam restorations usually used?

A

On posterior teeth

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11
Q

What are the advantages of placing gold cast restorations?

A

Very durable
High tissue compatibility
Good margins
Minial tooth prep

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12
Q

Is the aesthetic of a gold cast restoration an advantage or disadvantage of placement?

A

Can be seen as either depending on the individual. Some find it makes a person look wealthy while others do not want visible restorations

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13
Q

Where is a cast restoration fabricated?

A

Outside the mouth

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14
Q

What five ways can be used to differentiate between a tooth and a restoration?

A
  1. Visual
  2. Tactile
  3. Instrumentation
  4. Radiographs
  5. Sounds
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15
Q

What visual cues can be used to determine if there is a restoration present?

A

Colour
Glossy/dull
Smooth
Matte
Polished

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16
Q

What tactile cues can be used to determine if a restoration is present?

A

Hard to soft feeling
Smooth or rougher feeling

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17
Q

What instrumentation cues can be used to determine if a restoration is present?

A

Different feel than tooth structure
Black line of metal may be apparant when an explorer is used on composite resin

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18
Q

How can radiographs be used to determine if a restoration is present?

A

Restorations show up radiopaque with amalgam being more so than composite resin

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19
Q

How can sounds be used to determine if restorations are present?

A

Dull sounds indicate composite resin, glass ionomer, pit and fissure sealants, and cement

Sharp sounds indicate polished metals and porcelain

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20
Q

True or False: Visually, composite resin can be hard to differentiate from enamel?

A

True

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21
Q

How can the air/water syringe be used to help determine if a tooth has a composite resin?

A

By drying the tooth

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22
Q

Why are restorations polished?

A

To give a smooth, glossy finish and reduce irregularities and potential for plaque acculumlation

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23
Q

What are the considerations for polishing restorations?

A

Polish the margins and not the entire thing to prevent damage
Use the smallest abrasion possible, whatever will remove the stain and biofilm without changing the restoration

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24
Q

What should be used for polishing gold restorations?

A

Tin oxide is best
Brownie and greenie points can both be used

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25
Q

What should be used for polishing porcelain restorations?

A

Can use paste (aluminum oxide paste)

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26
Q

What negative reactions can happen from polishing amalgam restorations?

A

Produces exessive heat and a temp over 104*F will alter the surface and release mercury
Accelerated corrosion and marginal breakdown

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27
Q

What happens from excessive polishing of amalgam restorations?

A

They become rougher

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28
Q

What should be used for polishing composite resin restorations?

A

Finishing strips from most abrasive to least abrasive grit
Aluminum oxide coated discs
Composite polishing paste
Diamond micro polishers

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29
Q

What are the scaling considerations for restorations?

A

Scaling can open margins and create areas susceptible to decay so alterations must be made to technique - working stroke must be kept below the margin and oblique or horizontal stroke used on the facial and/or lingual

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30
Q

Ultrasonic scaling can cause damage to what types of restorations?

A

Composite resins
Veneers
Crowns
Titanium implant abutments
Porcelain

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31
Q

True or False: ultrasonic scaling cannot correct amalgam overhangs

A

False. Ultrasonic scaling can correct amalgam overhangs

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32
Q

Air polishers can damage what types of restorations?

A

Cement
Composite resin
Non-metallic restorations

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33
Q

What damage can air polishers do certain restorations?

A

Can cause pitting or removal
Can significantly damage margins

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34
Q

What are the two types of fluoride application?

A

Stannous fluoride
Acidulated phosphate fluoride

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35
Q

True or False: Stannous fluoride can cause discolouration of tooth coloured restorations and enamel?

A

True

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36
Q

True or False: Acidulated phosphate fluoride etches porcelain, composite resin, and glass ionomer?

A

True

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37
Q

True or False: Acidulated phosphate fluoride causes a brightened appearance.

A

False: Acidulated phosphate flouride causes a dull appearance

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38
Q

When using acidulated phosphate flouride on a restoration what needs to be placed first?

A

Petrolium jelly

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39
Q

What does CAMBRA stand for?

A

Caries
Managment
By
Risk
Assessment

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40
Q

What are the indications for pit and fissure sealants?

A

Deep pits and fissures
Ages 6-15 years old
Developmental defects
Incipident caries (with no evidence of proximal caries)
Xerostomia
Ortho
Head and neck radiation therapy
High caries experience (prone to caries)
Newly erupted posterior teeth

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41
Q

Where are the most applications of pit and fissure sealants?

A

On children
On fully, newly erupted teeth
On the occlusal surfaces of the 6’s and 7’s
On the buccal pits of the lower molars
Of the lingual pits of the upper molars
On incipient lesions

42
Q

How long does a pit and fissure sealant prevent the progression of incipient lesions?

A

Up to 5 years

43
Q

What are the contraindications for placing pit and fissure sealants?

A

Radiographic evidence of proximal caries
Partially erupted teeth
Client allergy to acrylate
Low risk of caries

44
Q

What is the difference between filled and unfilled sealants?

A

Filled sealants contain filling particles

45
Q

Do filled sealants have an increased or decreased bonding strength over unfilled?

A

Increased

46
Q

How much stronger are filled sealants to occlusal wear than unfilled sealants?

A

2 times as wear resistant

47
Q

Does the occlusion need to be checked for filled sealants?

A

Yes

48
Q

Does the occlusion need to be checked for unfilled sealants?

A

No

49
Q

Which sealant is more commonly used in community health and or/school settings, filled or unfilled?

A

Unfilled

50
Q

Do fillers increase or decrease the viscosity of the sealant?

A

Increase

51
Q

What is the difference between autopolymerizated and photopolymerized sealants?

A

Autopolymerizated self-cure and photopolymerized are cured with a curing light.

52
Q

Which type of sealant is more commonly used in a community health and/or school setting, autopolymerized or photopolymerized?

A

Autopolymerized

53
Q

What are the post op instructions for pit and fissure sealants?

A

Eating and drinking allowed right away but avoid gum/sticky foods for 24 hours. Call the office if the sealant dislodges, feels rough or high.

54
Q

What causes a sealant to fail?

A

Moisture contamination
Fluoride in the pumice

55
Q

What is the procedure for placing a photopolymerized filled sealant?

A

Polish with plain pumice
Rinse pumice for 30 seconds
Isolate with cotton rolls/Dri-Angle
Thoroughly dry tooth for 20 seconds
Apply acid etch and let sit for 10-20 seconds
Rinse etch for 30-60 seconds
Dry throughly for 20 seconds and replace isolation
Apply sealant material, use explorer to disperse if needed
Light cure for 30 seconds
Try to lift sealant with explorer to ensure it is properly adhered
Check occlusion adjust if needed wth slow speed bur
Apply fluoride varnish
Provide POI

56
Q

What to do if you get etch on your skin or client’s oral mucosa?

A

Rinse right away

57
Q

What does etch do?

A

Creates irregularities in enamel to facilitate atachment by increasing space between enamel rods

58
Q

What does the tooth surface look like after etching?

A

Dull, chalky, white, and opaque

59
Q

When is use of a rubber dam indicated?

A

When there are difficulties maintaining mositure control
During endo procedures
During procedures requiring gingival protection

60
Q

What are the contraindications fo using a rubber dam?

A

Clients with latex allergy
Client with claustrophobia
Clients with breathing difficulties

61
Q

What size hole is punched for molars in a rubber dam?

A

4

62
Q

What size hole is punched for mandibular anteriors in a rubber dam?

A

1

63
Q

What size hole is punched for maxillary anteriors and canines ina rubber dam?

A

2

64
Q

What size hole is punched for the anchor tooth in a rubber dam?

A

5

65
Q

What size hole is punched for premolars in a rubber dam?

A

3

66
Q
A
67
Q

What teeth to punch holes for a posterior rubber dam isolation?

A

Punch one tooth distal from the tooth being treated and punch to the midline or one tooth past the midline

68
Q

How to punch holes for anterior rubber dam isolation?

A

Punch canine to canine

69
Q

When to punch a single tooth only in a rubber dam?

A

During endo procedures for the tooth being treated

70
Q

How to punch a rubber dam for children?

A

Isolate one tooth mesial and one tooth distal to the tooth being treated

71
Q

What is a ligature in regards to rubber dam isolation?

A

A piece of floss tied around teh clamp to prevent it being swallowed and a piece cut off the rubber dam and placed at the opposite end of the anchor tooth to stabilize the dam

72
Q

What are the post op instructions for IST?

A

Do not apply pressure or eat for one hour
Avoid flossing around interproximal placements
Inform client this filling is temporary and requires follow up with a dentist

73
Q

What are the advantages of IST?

A

Control of caries (GI realases Fl)
Conserves tooth structure
Non-invasive
Cost-effective

74
Q

How to prepare a tooth for IST?

A

Remove any debris/mush, and if pulp will be exposed, leave a layer between the pulp and the IST

75
Q

Indications for IST

A

Client has no medical contraindications
No pulpal involvement
There is risk of progression
Client is in discomfort
Client’s access to permanent restorations is not immediate
Cavitation is one surface or two small surfaces

76
Q

Contraindications for IST

A

If local anaesthetic is required
Client has medical contraindications
Tooth requires removal of tooth structure
Pulpal involvement
Load bearing area
Abscesses

77
Q

ROC for IST

A

Date/Time
MH
Indication for placement
ICO
Teeth being treatment + surfaces
Material used
Integrity/prognosis
Occlusal adjustment
POI
Client must follow up with DDS
Referral
Signature/Date/Time

78
Q

What is CHOI

A

Children’s Oral Health Initiative

79
Q

What are the indications for fluoride trays?

A

High caries risk
Xerostomia
Overdentures
Hypersensitivity
Raditation therapy
Physical impairment

80
Q

Contraindications for fluoride trays?

A

Client under age 6

81
Q

What are the instructions for using fluoride trays?

A

Brush and floss
Load trays with a thin ribbon of material
Ensure flouroide gets to all surfaces of the tooth
Expectorate excess fluoride
Use trays for 5 minutes per day

82
Q

What are the care instructions for fluoride trays?

A

Rinse under cool water
Dry thoroughly after use
Brush with mild soap if needed
Store in cooler areas to prevent warping

83
Q

What are the post op instructions for fluoride trays?

A

Do not eat, drink, or rinse for 30 minutes after use
Do not swallow any excess fluoride
No smoking or alcohol use for 30 minutes

84
Q

How do you trim fluoride trays around the gingival margin?

A

Scalloped to follow the margin 1mm apical to it. Linguals can be straight edge instead of scalloped.

85
Q

What are the types of fluoride?

A

Clinpro 500
Gel Kam
Prevident 5000
X-pur

Types for radiation therapy use:
Biotene products
Sodium fluoride
Prevident or Clinpro

86
Q

Where is silver diamine fluoride applied?

A

To the lesion

87
Q

SDF will turn lesions _____.

A

Black

88
Q

_____ is to be applied on top of SDF.

A

Fluoride

89
Q

When should SDF be re-evaluated?

A

After 1-3 weeks

90
Q

What are the indications for whitening?

A

Remove instrinsic staining (exo and endogenous)
Client is unhappy with their tooth colour
To lighten to match to crowns
Before veneer placement

91
Q

Contraindications for whitening?

A

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Allergy to material
Defective restorations
Recession
Enamel cracks
Tooth sensitivity
Caries
Primary teeth
Periodontal disease

92
Q

How to trim a whitening tray in regards to the margins?

A

Scalloped 0.5 mm apical to the margin, as close as it can get.

93
Q

ROC for whitening tray delivery?

A

Date/Time
MH
ICO
Initial Shade
Insertion of trays by clinican and client
Type and percentage of whitening material
Useage instructions
POI
Care of trays
Potential side effects
Signature/Date/Time

94
Q

What are the side effects of whitening?

A

Thermal hypersesitivity
Tissue irritation

95
Q

How does hydrogen-carbamide peroxide work on a stain?

A

Breaks it down into hydrogen peroxide and urea (waste product). H2O2 oxidizes stain via free radicals.

96
Q

What are the instructions for whitening?

A

Brush and floss
Use a little bit of matieral, one dot per tooth on the facial
Remove any excess immediately
Do not eat or drink while using
Discontinue if experiencing side effects
Brush and rinse with warm water, no toothpaste

97
Q

What types of stain does whitening work best on?

A

Yellow-brown stains

98
Q

What happens to horizontal bands of stain when using whitening?

A

They will bleach at different rates

99
Q

How is extrinic stain removed?

A

With polishing and scaling

100
Q

How is intrinsic stain removed?

A

With whitening

Dental Materials (2 decks)

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