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BIO 111 LAMB FINAL EXAM > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

96-98% of the material in all living organisms is made up of all of the following except:

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

Most of the energy in the matter of living organisms is found in the:

A

electrons

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3
Q

What is used for energy storage in mammals?

A

Glycogen

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4
Q

Only nonpolar group of molecules are?

A

Lipids

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5
Q

The most common type of macromolecule?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

Electrons are shared unequally around two atomic nuclei?

A

polar covalent bond

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7
Q

The description of attraction of non-polar bonds to water?

A

Hydrophobic

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8
Q

When two monomers are put together and water is formed, this is the process of:

A

condensation

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9
Q

LOOK AT DIAGRAM #s 9-11

A
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10
Q

Water is unique because:

A

Heat of vaporization

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11
Q

Phospholipids are both polar and non-polar. This is called being:

A

amphipathic

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12
Q

Nucleotides are made of:

A

sugars….phosphates….nitrogen bases

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13
Q

What is used or energy storage in plants?

A

Starch

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14
Q

What are bonds that form within a water molecule?

A

Covalent Bonds

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15
Q

This may be double-stranded, contain lots of phosphate and so are negatively charged:

A

Nucleic Acids

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16
Q

It is made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur:

A

Proteins

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17
Q

Which of the following about purines and pyrimidines is true?

A

Purines are double-ring structures and pyrimidines are single-ring structures.

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18
Q

Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP is endergonic, whereas hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is exergonic. Thereore the two reactions are:

A

linked

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19
Q

During formation of a peptide linkage, a(n) ____ is formed.

A

molecule of water

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20
Q

In any system, some of the energy is unusable for work. The unusable energy is measure of the disorder of the system and is referred to as:

A

entropy

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21
Q

Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15 and an atomic mass of 31. How many neutrons does it have?

A

16

22
Q

How can we BEST describe the INITIAL concentration of the two solutions?

A

The cell is hypertonic to the outer solution

23
Q

Once the solutes move as they can, which way will water move?

A

into the cell

24
Q

Amino acids can be grouped according to the properties of their:

A

R GROUPS

25
Q

What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule AATGCGA?

A

TTACGCT

26
Q

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer.

27
Q

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

A

They change the (delta)G of the reaction

28
Q

Binding of a substrate to an active site is:

A

reversible

29
Q

A reactant reaches the transition state:

A

when its bonds are unstable

30
Q

The side chain of leucine is a hydrocarbon, In a folded protein, where would you expect to find leucine?

A
  • In the interior of a cytoplasmic enzyme

- On the exterior of a protein embedded in a membrane

31
Q

A b-pleated sheet organization in a polypeptide chain is an example of __ structure.

A

Secondary

32
Q

The statement that “enzymes are highly specific” means that certain:

A

reactions involving certain substrates are catalyzed by specific enzymes.

33
Q

It stops enzyme activity by blocking the site where the substrate fits:

A

Competitive inhibitor

34
Q

The product acts to block the site for the substrate:

A

feed back inhibition

35
Q

It is part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate:

A

active site

36
Q

Osmosis is a specific example:

A

diffusion

37
Q

An organelle with a 9 + 2 arrangement of micro-tubules inside; involved in movement of cell

A

flagellum

38
Q

A protein that forms an ion channel through a membrane is most likely:

A

a transmembrane protein

39
Q

Which of the following are NOT specialized cell junctions?

A

Cytoplasmic plaques

40
Q

Which of the following functions as a recognition signal for interactions between cells?

A

glycolipid

41
Q

The existence of a concentration gradient of glucose across a membrane means that:

A

the glucose molecules are more crowded on one side of the membrane than on the other

42
Q

Osmosis moves water from a region of ___________ to a region of ____________.

A

low concentration of dissolve material (solutes);

high concentration of dissolved material (solutes)

43
Q

Active transport usually moves molecules:

A

in a direction opposite to the one in which diffusion moves them.

44
Q

In the intestine, Na+ and an amino acid bind to the same transport protein that moves the two substances in the same direction. This is an example of:

A

a symport

45
Q

Which of the following is the driving force for primary active transport?

A

ATP hydrolysis

46
Q

Which of the following is the driving force for simple diffusion?

A

concentration gradient

47
Q

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is FALSE?

A

Almost all are endergonic

48
Q

The function of NAD+ is to:

A

Carry electrons and H+

be reduced

49
Q

In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with:

A

glycolysis

50
Q

Which of the following statements about ATP is TRUE?

A
  • its an energy-storage compound
  • its the cell’s principal compound for energy transfer
  • it stands for adenosine triphosphate.
  • Its the molecule all living cells rely on to do chemical work
51
Q

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involve:

A

the infolding (invagination) of the membrane

52
Q

Animals inhale air containing oxygen and exhale air containing less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. After inhalation, the oxygen missing from the air will mostly be found in:

A

Water

BIO 111 LAMB FINAL EXAM (4 decks)

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