Test 2 Flashcards
96-98% of the material in all living organisms is made up of all of the following except:
Nitrogen
Most of the energy in the matter of living organisms is found in the:
electrons
What is used for energy storage in mammals?
Glycogen
Only nonpolar group of molecules are?
Lipids
The most common type of macromolecule?
Proteins
Electrons are shared unequally around two atomic nuclei?
polar covalent bond
The description of attraction of non-polar bonds to water?
Hydrophobic
When two monomers are put together and water is formed, this is the process of:
condensation
LOOK AT DIAGRAM #s 9-11
Water is unique because:
Heat of vaporization
Phospholipids are both polar and non-polar. This is called being:
amphipathic
Nucleotides are made of:
sugars….phosphates….nitrogen bases
What is used or energy storage in plants?
Starch
What are bonds that form within a water molecule?
Covalent Bonds
This may be double-stranded, contain lots of phosphate and so are negatively charged:
Nucleic Acids
It is made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur:
Proteins
Which of the following about purines and pyrimidines is true?
Purines are double-ring structures and pyrimidines are single-ring structures.
Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP is endergonic, whereas hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is exergonic. Thereore the two reactions are:
linked
During formation of a peptide linkage, a(n) ____ is formed.
molecule of water
In any system, some of the energy is unusable for work. The unusable energy is measure of the disorder of the system and is referred to as:
entropy
Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15 and an atomic mass of 31. How many neutrons does it have?
16
How can we BEST describe the INITIAL concentration of the two solutions?
The cell is hypertonic to the outer solution
Once the solutes move as they can, which way will water move?
into the cell
Amino acids can be grouped according to the properties of their:
R GROUPS
What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule AATGCGA?
TTACGCT
Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer.
Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
They change the (delta)G of the reaction
Binding of a substrate to an active site is:
reversible
A reactant reaches the transition state:
when its bonds are unstable
The side chain of leucine is a hydrocarbon, In a folded protein, where would you expect to find leucine?
- In the interior of a cytoplasmic enzyme
- On the exterior of a protein embedded in a membrane
A b-pleated sheet organization in a polypeptide chain is an example of __ structure.
Secondary
The statement that “enzymes are highly specific” means that certain:
reactions involving certain substrates are catalyzed by specific enzymes.
It stops enzyme activity by blocking the site where the substrate fits:
Competitive inhibitor
The product acts to block the site for the substrate:
feed back inhibition
It is part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate:
active site
Osmosis is a specific example:
diffusion
An organelle with a 9 + 2 arrangement of micro-tubules inside; involved in movement of cell
flagellum
A protein that forms an ion channel through a membrane is most likely:
a transmembrane protein
Which of the following are NOT specialized cell junctions?
Cytoplasmic plaques
Which of the following functions as a recognition signal for interactions between cells?
glycolipid
The existence of a concentration gradient of glucose across a membrane means that:
the glucose molecules are more crowded on one side of the membrane than on the other
Osmosis moves water from a region of ___________ to a region of ____________.
low concentration of dissolve material (solutes);
high concentration of dissolved material (solutes)
Active transport usually moves molecules:
in a direction opposite to the one in which diffusion moves them.
In the intestine, Na+ and an amino acid bind to the same transport protein that moves the two substances in the same direction. This is an example of:
a symport
Which of the following is the driving force for primary active transport?
ATP hydrolysis
Which of the following is the driving force for simple diffusion?
concentration gradient
Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is FALSE?
Almost all are endergonic
The function of NAD+ is to:
Carry electrons and H+
be reduced
In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with:
glycolysis
Which of the following statements about ATP is TRUE?
- its an energy-storage compound
- its the cell’s principal compound for energy transfer
- it stands for adenosine triphosphate.
- Its the molecule all living cells rely on to do chemical work
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involve:
the infolding (invagination) of the membrane
Animals inhale air containing oxygen and exhale air containing less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. After inhalation, the oxygen missing from the air will mostly be found in:
Water
