Test 1

Question 1

All living organisms today can be assigned to three separate:

Answer 1

domains

Question 2

The basic structural functional unit of all living organisms is the:

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

The initial accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere was the result of photosynthesis from an organism most like modern:

Answer 3

cyanobacteria

Question 4

A final prerequisite for the survival of life on land was the accumulation of a protective layer of:

Answer 4

O3 (ozone) in the atmosphere

Question 5

Ozone is important to life on Earth because it:

Answer 5

blocks much ultraviolet radiation

Question 6

Earth is approximately ______ years old.

Answer 6

4-5 billion

Question 7

The domain Eukarya includes all of the following except:

Answer 7

Archaea

Question 8

A phylogenetic tree:

Answer 8

• Shows evolutionary relationships
• relies on evidence from fossils, metabolic processes, and molecular analyses of genomes
• helps us understand the history and relationships of living organisms.
• shows the order in which populations split and evolved into new species

Question 9

Which of the following represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied from most SIMPLE to most COMPLEX?

Answer 9

cell…tissue…organ…organism…population… community

Question 10

Metabolism is:

Answer 10

all chemical transformations and reactions in an organism

Question 11

Darwin referred to the differential reproductive success of individuals with particular variations as:

Answer 11

natural selection

Question 12

After observing that fish live in clean water but not in polluted water, researchers state that “polluted water kills fish.” This simple statement is an example of:

Answer 12

a hypothesis

Question 13

The main purpose of any single experiment is to:

Answer 13

test a prediction that is based on a hypothesis

Question 14

Comparative experiments are designed to answer questions that require:

Answer 14

observation and comparison rather than controlled variables.

Question 15

Most plant and animal cells are:

Answer 15

large enough to be seen with a light microscope.

Question 16

The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell:

Answer 16

explains why cells are small.

Question 17

What is the MAJOR distinction between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

Answer 17

A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.

Question 18

A prokaryotic cell does not have a ______ or _______.

Answer 18

nucleus……. membrane-bound organelles

Question 19

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the:

Answer 19

nucleoid region.

Question 20

Prokaryotic cells generally are smaller than eukaryotic cells because:

Answer 20

only eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.

Question 21

Which of the following is/are found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 21

Ribosomes

Question 22

The cytosol?

Answer 22

is composed largely of water

Question 23

One difference between plant cells and animal cells is that:

Answer 23

only animal cells contain centrioles.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a membrane-enclosed organelle?

Answer 24

Ribosome

Question 25

Of the following structures of an animal cell, the one with the largest volume is the:

Answer 25

nucleus

Question 26

Chromatin is a series of entangled threads composed of:

Answer 26

DNA and protein