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Christianity > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

Christianity Terms Reformation

1
Q

Scholasticism (11C)

A

(11th C) A medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories.

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2
Q

St. Anselm (11C)

A

(11th C) Theologian and philosopher, known as the father of Scholasticism, and begun another era of “truth” about Jesus

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3
Q

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

A

Dominican Theologian and teacher who came up with Aristotelian Realism (5 Proofs of God and Transubstantiation)

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4
Q

Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303)

A

Lawyer Pope vs. Philip IV. Told Phillip IV no in taxing the church and clergy members because Phillip IV wanted money.

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5
Q

Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy (1309-1377)

A

7 Popes who worked within the interest of the French King over the actual church. They did this by involving themselves in the economy and bargain and sold those office appointments. Abuses in the Church: annates, servitia, and vacancies

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6
Q

Great Schism of the Western Church (1378-1415)

A

The Cardinals had to election of a new Pope and there was a divide of an Italian Pope or a French Pope. After mobs and riots, they decided to have two Head Popes: one in Rome and one in France.

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7
Q

Conciliarism

A

A form of Church government ran by a council of Cardinals to run the church

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8
Q

Council of Constance (1414-1418)

A

The Council of Constance chooses for Martin V becomes Pope. In doing so, Martin V makes conciliarism permanent. So regular meetings and the Church
Councils are superior to the Pope

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9
Q

John Hus (1369-1415)

A

Hus didn’t agree with how the Pope and head church officials aren’t leading good Christian lives and criticizes them. Argued that mass should only do the bread and not the wine as the normal people only got bread and not the wine. This caused the Bohemian church to be in danger to separate from the Roman Papacy. Later called a heretic and burned at the stake.

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10
Q

Reformation (16th C)

A

Martian Luther and John Calvin lead a reform of Christianity and how church officials were living. In doing so, Lutheran and Protestantism emerged, encouraged personal interpretation of the Christian message independently, and nation-states developed based on religion

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11
Q

Henry VIII (1509-1547)

A

Used the Act of Supremacy to have England go from Catholic to Catholic-ish after not having sons and thought God hated him because of religious stuff.

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12
Q

Francis I (1515-1547)

A

French king that didn’t like Protestantism and fought against the reformation

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13
Q

Charles V

A

Spanish King who attempted to fight the Lutheran reformation. He wins the first time, telling everyone to come to back to the Catholic Church with little success, and fails the second time.

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14
Q

Renaissance (14th-16th C)

A

Humanism becomes a big deal and there is a rejection of religious dogma and blind faith. People sought a more scientific and empirical approach to understanding the world, challenging the authority of the Church.

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15
Q

Humanism

A

A part of the Renaissance where people went back to Grecian and Roman antiquity–this includes the Church

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16
Q

Erasmus (1466-1536)

A

A Dutch Humanist who promoting a reform of society and especially the Church.

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17
Q

Thomas More

A

English humanist reformer, who worked against Henery VIII, that opposed the Protestant Reformation

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18
Q

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

A

Founded Lutheranism. Justification by faith alone as in you don’t have to repent cause God loves you no matter what.

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19
Q

95 Theses

A

A list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther,

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20
Q

Sola Scriptura (Bible alone)

A

Luther’s Idea: Bible Alone

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21
Q

Sola Gratia (Grace alone)

A

Luther’s Idea: Grace Alone

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22
Q

Sola Fide

A

Luther’s Idea: Love Alone

23
Q

Diet of Worms (1521)

A

A trail against Luther to see if he is a heretic or not. At the end of the trail, he is called a heretic and burned at the stake

24
Q

Peasants War (1524-1526)

A

People wanted freedom from the church, aristocratic, and oppression. They felt like they deserved more from the power structure and therefore, took it back by force, using Luther’s word as additional proof.

25
Q

Philip Melanchthon

A

A classical scholar who wrote for the reformation and presented the papers to approve Lutheranism at The Augsburg Confession

26
Q

The Augsburg Confession (1530)

A

An official description of Lutheranism is made and presented, and then approved of

27
Q

Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531)

A

A Swiss reformation theologist who claimed that The Bible is the only scriptural authority

28
Q

John Calvin (1509-1564)

A

A French Protestant Reformer who studied law and become a leading figure of the Reformation

29
Q

Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)

A

A book written by John Calvin that discusses original sin (total depravity), real communion without a real presence (metaphorical Eucharist), predestination, and church government (presbyteries)

30
Q

Predestination

A

God is control of everything and your destination is chosen despite what you do in life

31
Q

Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587)

A

A queen of Scotland that was later dethroned due to a protestant takeover of the country, lead by John Knox. Later she was killed for treason by the English Queen due to Catholic Reformers trying to replace with queen with her.

32
Q

Menno Simons (1496-1561)

A

A Dutch priest was an early leader of the peaceful wing of Dutch Anabaptism, whose followers formed the Mennonite church

33
Q

John Knox (1502-1572)

A

Leader of a protestant group in Scotland that was politically heavy, this later leader to the death of Mary through the help of the English Court

34
Q

Huguenots

A

A religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism.

35
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

A large measure of religious freedom to the Huguenots and allowed them to hold government positions and that religious affairs are up to them. Louis XIV cancels this edict later.

36
Q

William Tyndale

A

Write the first copy of the English Bible

37
Q

Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556)

A

A leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII. He helped build the case for the annulment of Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon

38
Q

Book of Common Prayer

A

A book by Thomas Cranmer that was written for the entire English country to use and includes different kinds of services to standardize Protestantism

39
Q

Mary Tudor (1553-1558)

A

Take over England after Edward VI dies, of which she tries to force a Catholic reformation and kills off any person who didn’t convert

40
Q

Marian Martyrs

A

Protestant people who didn’t convert and Mary I killed

41
Q

Marian Exiles

A

The Protestants who were able to run away and move to pro-protestant place

42
Q

John Foxe (1516-1587)

A

An English clergyman, who wrote about Christian martyrs throughout Western history, but particularly the sufferings of English Protestants and proto-Protestants from the 14th century and in the reign of Mary I.

43
Q

Elizabeth I (1553-1603)

A

On of the Greatest Queens of England, who played on the Act of Supremacy to make England Protestant, made the Supreme Governor of Religion, makes Protestant the official language the Book of Common Prayer

44
Q

The Elizabethan Settlement

A

A series of laws and policies that established the religious and political framework of England under Elizabeth I

45
Q

Philip II

A

Leader of the Counter-Reformation of Catholics in Spain

46
Q

Spanish Armada (1588)

A

A Spanish Armada to sent to England to fight Protestantism in England but failed

47
Q

Puritans

A

More conservative Protestants during Elizabeth I rule

48
Q

Counter-Reformation

A

A Catholic reformation to go against the Protestant Reformation

49
Q

Paul III (1534-1549)

A

A pope who seeked out to bring in better Catholics into the leadership positions.
Summoned the Council of Trent (1545-1563)

50
Q

Council of Trent (1545-1563)

A

A Catholic only council and that gave official church answers to what the Protestants were complaining about

51
Q

Inquisition

A

A group of people who made sure heretics didn’t exist and to enforce church law, this also included clergy people, and itt became an instrument for “purifying” the church

52
Q

Ignatius of Loyola (1556)

A

A group of people, employed by Pope and lead by a former solider, to spread the newly reformed Catholic faith to the masses and especially through missions and schools

53
Q

Jesuits

A

A religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome

Christianity (3 decks)

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