Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What’s the order of the eons?
A
- Hadean
- Archean
- Proterozoic
- Phanerozoic
2
Q
What’s the order of the eras?
A
- Paleozoic
- Mesozoic
- Cenozoic
3
Q
What’s the order of the periods?
A
- Cambrian
- Ordovician
- Silurian
- Devonian
- Carboniferous
- Permian
- Triassic
- Jurassic
- Cretaceous
- Paleogene
- Neogene
- Quaternary
4
Q
What eon was LUCA?
A
Archean
5
Q
How long ago was LUCA?
A
about 3.8 bya
6
Q
What is photosynthetic bacteria called?
A
Cyanobacteria
7
Q
When did bacteria appear?
A
2.7 bya in the Archean eon
8
Q
When did Eukarya first appear?
A
1.8 bya in the Proterozoic eon
9
Q
When did fungi appear?
A
600 mya in the Proterozoic eon
10
Q
When did animals appear?
A
700 mya during the Proterozoic eon
11
Q
When did Algae appear?
A
1 bya during the Proterozoic eon
12
Q
When did plants appear?
A
470 mya during the Phanerozoic eon and Ordovician period
13
Q
Which are animals more closely related to? Algae, Plants, or Fungi?
A
Fungi
14
Q
When did vascular plants appear?
A
430 mya, Silurian
15
Q
When did seeded plants appear?
A
380 mya, Devonian
16
Q
When did Angiosperms appear?
A
135 mya, Cretaceous
17
Q
When did Chordata appear?
A
540 mya, Cambrian
18
Q
When did vertebrae appear?
A
535 mya, Cambrian
19
Q
When did jawed animals appear?
A
420 mya, Silurian
20
Q
When did Tetrapods appear?
A
365 mya, Devonian
21
Q
When did Amniotes appear?
A
318 mya, Carboniferous
22
Q
When did Synapsids appear?
A
318 mya, Carboniferous
23
Q
When did Sauropsids appear?
A
318 mya, Carboniferous
24
Q
When did Archosaurs appear?
A
250 mya, Triassic
25
When did Dinosaurs appear?
230 mya, Triassic
26
When did Birds appear?
150 mya, Jurassic
27
What do Amoebozoa, Opisthokonts, Excavata, and Plantae have in common?
They are all Protists
28
Which of the three domains are more closely related?
Archaea and Eukarya
29
What does LUCA stand for?
Last universal common ancestor
30
What are non-vascular plants called?
Bryophytes
31
What are seedless plants called?
Pteridophytes
32
What are Gymnosperms?
cone-bearing plants that bear naked seeds
33
What are Angiosperms?
plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits
34
What are Eumetazoa?
animals with tissue
35
What are Parazoa?
animals with no tissues
36
Which two things are not either a Deuterostome or Protostome?
Cnidaria and Porifera
37
How long ago was the most recent mass extinction event?
66 mya
38
Which two things are Deuterostomes?
Chordata and Echinodermata
39
What is a Deuterostome?
the first opening in the embryo becomes the anus
40
What is a Protostome?
the first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth
41
What do mammals, birds, and reptiles share?
They are all Chordates, vetebrates, jawed, Tetrapod, amniotes
42
What are amniotes?
vertebrates that undergo embryonic or fetal development within an amnion and include the birds, reptiles, and mammals
43
Which is a descendant of a Synapsid? Sauropsids, Testudines, or Therapsids?
Therapsids
44
What are jawed animals called?
Gnathostomes
45
Synapomorphies of Gnathostomes
1. jaws
2. paired appendages
46
Synapomorphies of Tetrapods
1. paired appendages ( four 'feet')
2. Separation of head from body
3. Lungs
47
Classes of Gnathostomes
bony fish, carilaginous fish
48
Classes of tetrapods
Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia, Aves
49
What did the amniotic egg allow for?
Development in the absence of water
50
Synapomorphies of Amniotes
1. 2 cervical (neck) vertebrae
2. 2 or more sacral vertebrae
3. Reduced skin permeability (waterproof)
4. Amniotic egg
51
Classes of amniotes
Reptilia, Mammalia, Aves
52
Synapomorphies of Aves
1. Bipedal
2. Enlarged brains
3. Endothermic
4. Oviparous
5. Fused clavicles
6. Beaks/bills
7. Feathers
53
Synapomorphies of Mammalia
1. Endothermic
2. Enlarged brain
3. very precise teeth occlusion
4. Unique chewing
5. Lactating mammary glands
54
What was the greatest mass extinction?
The Permian mass extinction
55
When did the Permian mass extinction take place?
252 mya
56
What caused the Permian extinction?
-volcanic eruptions in Siberia
- rapid global warming
- acid rain
- ocean acidification
- droughts
- wildfires
57
58
When was the Triassic extinction?
201 mya
59
What are synapomorphies of plants?
- cellulose in cell wall
- chlorophyll b
- starch as storage compound
- multicellular
60
Non-vascular plants lack...
vascular tissue
pollen
seeds
61
What are the major adaptations to terrestrial living?
Cuticle
Stomata
Xylem and Phloem
Pollen/seeds
flowers
62
What was the universal gene pool hypothesis?
- lateral gene transfer
- non Darwinian, somehow 3 domains were more successful
-universal pool
63
What is the Ring of Life Hypothesis?
Archea + Bacteria = Eukarya
64
What is the Chronocyte Hypothesis?
-phagocytosis
- ate an archean which became nucleus
65
Earliest fossil records of bacteria like organisms came from what eon?
Archean
66
What period did the first Gymnosperm appear?
Devonian
67
What is adaptive radiation?
Rapid diversification of a lineage
68
How long ago did the Cretaceous- Tertiary extinction occur?
65 mya
69
What is a trace fossil?
a burrow, track, or other sign of an animal's activity
70
What is a cast?
A three dimensional model formed when sediment invades an empty space (a filled impression)
71
What is a replacement fossil?
A three dimensional model formed when minerals replace the original hard structures
72
What is a permineralization fossil?
A three dimensional model formed when minerals fill spaces within organic material
73
What is a mold?
A three dimensional space (an impression) left when organic remains decay after being buried
74
What period did the first terrestrial land plants evolve?
Ordovician
75
Three viruses three domains hypothesis
each domain came from a virus
76
What caused the Cambrian explosion?
-marine ecosystem with modern food webs
- rapid diversification of animals
- large body sizes and bilaterization
- presence of calcium
- rising sea level released calcium and phosphate into the oceans
77
What were the first land animals?
Milipedes
