Test 2

Question 1

What is the atmosphere composed of

Answer 1

oxygen, nitrogen, ozone and water

Question 2

What are the layers of the atmosphere

Answer 2

troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere

Question 3

How do the gases present in the atmosphere protect the Earth against solar radiation?

Answer 3

they absorb harmful wavelengths (UV, IR, Gamma Rays, and x-rays

Question 4

Describe how pollutants can deplete the ozone layer.

Answer 4

Ozone molecules in the atmosphere are depleted in natural conditions by solar radiation. However, pollutants make it worse. When the atoms are floating in the atmosphere, they combine with oxygen, and then ozone is degraded.

Question 5

What are the natural greenhouse gases

Answer 5

ozone, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane.

Question 6

What are human-derived greenhouse gases

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and CFC’s

Question 7

What is the greenhouse effect

Answer 7

the greenhouse effect occurs when the pollutants reflect infrared rays to Earth.

Question 8

Define hydrosphere

Answer 8

All the water sources available on Earth. (Oceans, lakes, water, glaciers)

Question 9

Describe the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

-Prokaryotic cell’s DNA is spread throughout the cytoplasm, unicellular, and has a cell wall.
-Eukaryotic cell’s DNA is in the nucleus, usually multicellular, and more complex with organelles.

Question 10

What is the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 10

Cell transportation

Question 11

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 11

ATP generation

Question 12

What is the function of the Rough ER

Answer 12

protein synthesis

Question 13

what is the function of the smooth er

Answer 13

lipid synthesis

Question 14

what is the function of ribosomes

Answer 14

protein syntheis

Question 15

what is the function of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 15

Modification of proteins and cell transport

Question 16

what is the role of centrioles

Answer 16

involved in cell division

Question 17

what is the role of the nucleus

Answer 17

stored the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 18

what is the role of peroxisomes

Answer 18

neutralize free radicals

Question 19

what is the role of lysosomes

Answer 19

to dissolve lipids

Question 20

What are biomolecules

Answer 20

molecules synthesized by cells, which are responsible for cell development.

Question 21

How are biomolecules classified

Answer 21

Lipids, carbs, nucleic acids, proteins

Question 22

What are lipids function

Answer 22

energy storage/body shape/hormones

Question 23

what are carbs function

Answer 23

energy sources/glucose/structural –> cellulose

Question 24

what are nucleic acids function

Answer 24

They codify the cells processes

Question 25

what are proteins function

Answer 25

muscle contraction/movement/structural/antibodies

Question 26

what are aldoses and ketoses and how are they characterized

Answer 26

Aldose carbonyl is at the beginning or end of the backbone of the structure of carbs.
Ketose carbonyl is in the middle

Question 27

what are proteins and what are their functions in the human body

Answer 27

proteins are biomolecules formed by amino acids.

Question 28

what are nucleotides, schematize the basic structure.

Answer 28

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids (monomers)

Question 29

what are the different types of RNA

Answer 29

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA