Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What triggered COVID-19

A

Wuhan wet market where they sold wildlife for consuming.

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1
Q

What genome does COVID-19 have

A

Single Stranded RNA

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2
Q

What is the capsid

A

proteic shell that protects the genome

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3
Q

What is a Spike protein (glycoprotein)

A

it is responsible for viral infection of the host cell

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4
Q

What is the envelope

A

phospholipid layer from the host cell

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5
Q

What is a fomite

A

objects that can deposit pathogens

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6
Q

What are viruses

A

intracellular parasites that are not microbes

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7
Q

Why is COVID-19 deadly

A

It was a Pneumonia like disease that didn’t respond to the treatments.

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8
Q

Procedures to reduce the spread

A

wear a mask, wash hands, social distance, report to the authorities

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9
Q

Why is COVID dangerous

A

The body tries to heal the lesions in the lungs caused by the infection so the scars don’t allow the lungs to stretch which causes difficulty in breathing.

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10
Q

Fuels

A

repositories of energy

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11
Q

how can fuels be classified

A

nonrenewable and renewable

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12
Q

Examples of nonrenewable

A

natural gas, petroleum, coal

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13
Q

examples of renewable

A

solar, hydro, wind, tidal, geothermal, biomass

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14
Q

How is petroleum formed

A

when marine plants and animals die they are buried on the ocean floor. Over millions of years they are covered by silt and sand and then buried deeper with all of the pressure and turn into oil.

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15
Q

Downsides to fossil fuels

A

they produce hazardous air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and mercury which are harmful to the environment and human health.

16
Q

nuclear energy

A

energy in the nucleus of an atom

17
Q

nuclear fission

A

dividing the nucleus

18
Q

nuclear fusion

A

two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one releasing massive amounts of energy

19
Q

How is fermentation used in bioethanol production

A

cellulose and lignin get fermented

20
Q

distillation

A

separation of two liquids

21
Q

short wavelengths

A

energy is high

22
Q

long wavelengths

A

energy is low

23
Q

why is light useful

A

it can be used in medicine

24
Q

Laser

A

unidirectional, monochromatic (single color)

25
Q

light

A

multidirectional and multi color (rainbow)

26
Q

photodynamic therapy can be used for

A

bladder cancer, skin cancer, head and neck tumors, breast cancer