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Aural Rehab > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are visemes?

A

Speech sounds that look alike on the face /p/ /b/ /m/

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2
Q

What are homophones?

A

Words that look the same on the face

i.e. grade and yes

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3
Q

What does lip reading entail?

A

Visual cues only

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4
Q

What does speech reading entail?

A

Auditory and visual cues

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5
Q

Which type of reading do ALL people subconsciously do?

A

Speech read

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6
Q

What factors influence speech reading? (4)

A

Talker
Message
Environment
Speech Reader

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7
Q

Manner, Place, Voicing: which are easier and which are harder?

A

Manner and Voicing are easier to hear

Place is easier to visualize but harder to hear

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8
Q

Which training does speech reading training entail?

A

Some combination of analytic and synthetic

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9
Q

What does speech reading training begin with?

A

Vowel training

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10
Q

What are the objectives of analytic vowel speech reading training?

A

Discriminate between letters i, u, a through their different formants and different mouth positions

Identify words in open set formants

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11
Q

What are the objectives of analytic consonant speech reading training?

A

Discriminate between consonants that differ in place but share manner and voice

Identify words in an open set format

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12
Q

Why do you focus on place and not manner and voice?

A

Because manner and voicing cues are primarily auditory

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13
Q

What is the ending objective of synthetic consonant speech reading training?

A

Speechread a paragraph

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14
Q

What makes vowels easier to discriminate?

A

The further apart they are on the vowel quad, the easier it is to tell them apart

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15
Q

What are the effects of hearing loss on “the rules”? (6)

A
  • Disruption in turn taking
  • Modification of speaking style (slower rate)
  • Inappropriate topic shifts
  • Superficial content
  • Frequent clarifications (what)
  • Violations (too loud, dominate convo)
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16
Q

What are the two classes of communication strategies?

A

1- Facilitative

2- Receptive

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17
Q

What is a facilitative communication strategy?

A

The individual with the HL instructs the talker and structures the environment

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18
Q

What is a receptive communication strategy?

A

The individual with the HL provides explicit instruction immediately following a communication breakdown

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19
Q

Name the four factors in communication.

A

1- Talker
2- Message
3- Environment
4- Listener

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20
Q

What type of strategies are used to influence these four factors?

A

Facilitative Strategies

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21
Q

What factors pertaining to the talker can affect the conversation? (5)

A
  • Speed
  • Chewing gum
  • Hand over mouth
  • Looking/walking away
  • Too loud
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22
Q

How is message a factor? (4)

A
  • Simple sentences/ syntax is easier than a long complicated one
  • Repeat key words
  • Eliminate ambiguous references
  • Avoid colloquialisms
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23
Q

What is a colloquialism?

A

A phrase specific to a certain area

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24
Q

In what ways can the environment effect communication? (4)

A
  • Background noise level
  • Lighting
  • Distance (not too far or too close)
  • Viewing angle
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25
Q

In what ways can the listener effect the conversation? (4)

A
  • Use all cues (visual and auditory)
  • Severity of the HL
  • Alertness vs. Fatigue
  • Self defeating emotions (I’m stupid)
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26
Q

What are the three categories for repair strategies?

A
  • receptive
  • extended
  • expressive
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27
Q

What are the types of receptive repair strategies?

A

Specific

Non-specific

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28
Q

What’s the difference between a specific and a non-specific receptive repair strategy?

A

Specific = specific things that maintain the convo
i.e. repeat, rephrase, simplify, elaborate, write

Non-specific = a repeat strategy “what” “huh” smile and nod…

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29
Q

What is an extended repair?

A

One strategy is not successful, so you try another to continue the conversation

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30
Q

What does a hearing impaired individual tend to do if the strategies don’t work?

A
  • blame others
  • blame environment
  • bluff (difficult to admit)
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31
Q

What is an expressive repair strategy?

A

The hearing impaired replays with an unintelligible response

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32
Q

Who most commonly uses expressive repair strategies and why?

A

Children because they cannot monitor their own speech

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33
Q

How does one go about when an expressive repair has occurred?

A

Ask them to repeat, rephrase, slow down so their speech is clearer

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34
Q

What is Topic maintenance?

A

Stay with one topic.. Do not abruptly shift to another

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35
Q

What is Topic shading?

A

A new topic that it direct off shoot.. Subtle changes in topic

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36
Q

Which repair strategy is most common?

A

Non-specifc

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37
Q

Which repair strategy is the least effective?

A

Non-specific

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38
Q

As the speaker, what is the best way to repair when someone says what?

A

Rephrase or restructure

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39
Q

Do people bluff because they are uncooperative?

A

No.. They bluff because it is difficult to admit they have a problem

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40
Q

What are adjacency pairs?

A

Predictable patterns of responses when a hard of hearing interacts with normal hearing that keeps the convo flowing

i.e. greeting-greeting; question-answer

41
Q

What are the three conversational styles?

A

Passive
Aggressive
Assertive

42
Q

What is a passive convo style?

A

Individual withdraws from conversation, bluffs, and avoids social situations

43
Q

What is an aggressive convo style?

A

Individual is hostile, belligerent, blames others, and has a bad attitude. This person often times dominates the conversation.

44
Q

What is an assertive convo style?

A

Individual takes responsibility and is considerate of others. These people acknowledge what they do and don’t get.

45
Q

Which style is most effective in the flow of a conversation?

A

Assertive

46
Q

Name the three types of conversational styles along with the behavior that comes with it.

A 
Passive= non interactive
Aggressive= dominating
Assertive= Interactive
47
Q

What makes conversational fluency better?

A

Less time spent in repair, shorter duration of repair; NOT DOING THE SAME THING OVER AND OVER AND EXPECTING A DIFFERENT RESPONSE

48
Q

Who would a HL individual have a better conversation with? Why?

A

A speech-hearing professional because they know what to do in order to make the conversation go more smoothly

49
Q

In what ways is it harder to identify input?

A

Open sets

Longer sentences

50
Q

Can unstructured conversations be assessed formally?

A

YES!

51
Q

How can unstructured conversations be assessed formally?

A

Compare the performance with a familiar partner and a “naive” partner
Review and rate on a 1-4 scale

52
Q

What is the difference between an interview and a questionaire?

A

Interview- comparison, tracks progress with no standard

Questionaire- gives standardized data

53
Q

In which strategy training level can yes/ no questions be asked?

A

Questionaire

54
Q

What are the perks of having a group setting when working on communication strategies?

A

Encourages interaction

Give an oppurtunity to see others also struggle

55
Q

What is the cardinal rule of a group session?

A

cater to the needs of the group

56
Q

What type of data is given through an audiogram vs. a person’s perception of themself?

A 
Audiogram= Quantitative 
Individual= Qualitative
57
Q

Why does shouting make speech reading harder?

A

Overemphasizing movements

58
Q

How many residents of nursing homes generally have HL? To what degree?

A

Half of the residents

Severe HL

59
Q

What is the WATCH program?

A

A short tutorial for a short term training program

60
Q

What does WATCH stand for?

A 
Watch the person's mouth
Ask specific questions
Talk about your hearing loss
Change the situation
Health care knowledge
61
Q

What is the SPEECH program?

A

Used for communication partners

62
Q

What does SPEECH stand for?

A

Spotlight face
Pause in between phrases and sentences
Emphasize and be patient
Ease listening, get the person’s attention
Control the environment and circumstances
Have a plan for difficult situations (i.e. restaurants)

63
Q

What does the SPEECH program emphasize?

A

The burden should not and does not fall only on the person with the hearing loss

64
Q

What should be done when training children? (5)

A 
Focus on facilitative and repair strategies
Formal instruction
Review effective listening behaviors
Guided learning through modeling
Real world practice
65
Q

What is formal instruction?

A

write down a situation the client wants to improve

group generates 15 possible solutions

66
Q

How is formal instruction most effective?

A

As a dialog! NOT A LECTURE

67
Q

What are the two types of counselling?

A

Informational

Personal Adjustment Counseling

68
Q

How does counseling help?

A

Individual learns to manage HL and communication difficulties while using optimum communication strategies and structuring the listening environment

69
Q

What does counseling target?

A

The head and the heart and the behaviors of the HL individual

70
Q

What is the goal and outcome of informational counseling?

A

Goal: person learns about HL and technology to minimize the impact

Outcome: understanding and realistic expectations of HL and what amplification can and cannot do

71
Q

What is the goal and outcome of Personal Adjustment counseling?

A

Goal: patient works through negative feelings about HL and self-worth

Outcome: view disability as seperate from self; more positive self image; focus on what they can do

72
Q

What are the 3 general counseling techniques?

A

Cognitive
Behavioral
Affective

73
Q

What are cognitive couseling techniques?

A

Educate the person to improve self worth
Give info to counteract false assumptions
Eliminate cognitive distortions

74
Q

Cognitive Counseling Goal?

A

Modify the thought process

75
Q

What are behavior counseling techniques based on?

A

Skinner: Reinforcing rats

76
Q

What are behavioral counseling techniques?

A

Focus on the observable and measurable behaviors
Focus on response to a stressful situation
Relaxation techniques

77
Q

Behavioral Counseling goal?

A

Modify behaviors

78
Q

What are affective counseling techniques based on?

A

Rogers: congruence with self, unconditional positive regard, empathetic understanding

79
Q

What are affactive counseling techniques?

A

Unconditional positive regard
Centers on feeling
Developing appropriate emotional adjustment to the HL

80
Q

Affective Counseling Goal?

A

Modify emotions

81
Q

What was the Hearing Loss Association of America formally known as? What kind of program is this?

A

SHHHH

Informal

82
Q

What are the three componants of Aural Rehab?

A
  • Evaluation
  • Strategy
  • Implementation
83
Q

Explain Evaluation.

A

Assess the patient

  • demographic
  • stage of life
  • culture
  • gender
  • economical status
  • psychosocial status
  • audiological considerations: degree, onset
84
Q

Explain Strategy.

A

Determine the AR plan

  • needs and wants of patient
  • services available
  • willingness to comply
  • ownership
  • specific goals developed based on patient
85
Q

What is COSI? Explain.

A

Client Oriented Scale of Improvement

  • guides the overall AR plan
  • client identifies 5 difficult listening situations that are important to them
  • rates difficulty level pre and post treatment
86
Q

Explain Implementation.

A

Final Stage:

  • set specific goals
  • tailer core services to meet needs
  • determine success benchmarks
  • evaluate outcomes
  • refine goals
87
Q

As a client begins to adapt and improve, what occurs?

A

They begin to go out and do more things

**requires goals to be refined

88
Q

What are the three types of counseling in all stages of Aural Rehab?

A

Informational- audiogram
Rational Acceptance- accepting limitations and HL
Adjustment

89
Q

What is an ALS?

A

Assistive Listening Device

90
Q

What is the characteristics of a Traditional Old?

A
  • less active
  • value trust, service and quality
  • resistant to technology
  • save and bargain
  • price conscious
  • avoid debt
  • believe the “expert”
91
Q

What are the characteristics of Boomer Old?

A
  • more active
  • diverse: different ethnic groups
  • technologically savvy
  • use credit
  • bargain and spend
  • question authority and “experts”
92
Q

What is Presbycusis?

A

elder hearing: natural loss of hearing with age

THIRD MOST CHRONIC CONDITION

93
Q

What factors affect impact of HL? How?

A

Economic- finances
Social- family/friends, home vs. center
Emotional- mental health, self concept, indepent
Cognitive- working memory, processing speed
Physical- vision, arthritis, dementia

94
Q

Audiogram Scale!

A 
Mild: 25-45
Moderate: 45-60
Moderate to Severe: 60-75
Severe: 75-90
Profound: 90<
95
Q

Language in a dense neighborhood vs. sparse?

A 
Dense= words that look ad sound the same
Sparse= less words to confuse it with i.e. orange
96
Q

Lexical neighborhood?

A

predictabilty of words

97
Q

Speech reading maxs out at?

A

30%- not a huge help

98
Q

Open vs. Closed set?

A 
Open= more challenging
Closed=  choices
99
Q

Noise Induced affected at what frecency?

A

4000 Hz

Aural Rehab (3 decks)

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