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GEOG > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pure water rarely occurs in nature because it is a good solvent

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Water has a density of

A

1.0g/cm^3

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3
Q

Water covers approximately _____ of Earth’s surface

A

71%

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4
Q

The process by which water and water vapor emerge from layers deep within and below the crust is called_____.

A

Outgassing

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5
Q

The largest portion of fresh water today is located in

A

ice sheets and glaciers

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6
Q

Earth’s oceans possess

A

ninety seven percent of Earth’s waters

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7
Q

Human body contains ____ water.

A

70%

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8
Q

Other than ice sheets and glaciers, the largest repository of fresh water is located in

A

groundwater

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9
Q

Water molecules bind tightly to one another. This is a result of

A

hydrogen bonding

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10
Q

Hydrogen bonding results from the fact that

A

the hydrogen end of a water molecule is positively charged and the oxygen end is negatively charged

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11
Q

The term deposition refers to

A

water vapor freezing to ice

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12
Q

What is the heat energy involved in the change of phase?

A

latent heat

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13
Q

When water condense, it ____ heat energy and ____ the surrounding air.

A

releases; heats

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14
Q

In winter, freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks. How does this happen

A

Water expands in volumes as it freezes

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15
Q

Water vapor in the atmosphere is called

A

Humidity

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16
Q

Relative humidity is

A

the amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature expressed as a percentage of the water vapor capacity of the air

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17
Q

The capacity of the air to hold water vapor is basically a function of

A

The temperature of both the air and the water vapor

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18
Q

A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the

A

dew point temp

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19
Q

Which of the following is (are) not used to measure relative humidity

A

anemometers & barometers

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20
Q

The greater the difference in temperature between the wet bulb and dry bulb on a sling psychrometers, the ___ the air is the ____ the relative humidity

A

drier; lower

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21
Q

The smaller the difference in temperature between the wet bulb and dry bulb on a sling psychrometer, the ____ the air is the and the _____

A

wetter; closer the air temperature is to the dew point

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22
Q

The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initials position is

A

stability

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23
Q

An air parcel is considered unstable when it

A

continues to rise until it reaches an altitude at which the surrounding air has a similar temp

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24
Q

When the environmental lapse rate is greater than the dry adiabatic lapse rate the atmospheric conditions are

A

unstable

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25
Q

When the environmental lapse rate is less than the most adiabatic lapse rate, the atmospheric conditions are

A

stable

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26
Q

The wet adiabatic lapse rate is ____ than the dry adiabatic laps rate because____

A

less; condensation heats the air

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27
Q

Which of the following statements regarding rising air, in which dew point temperature has been reached, is correct?

A

the air simultaneously being cooled by expansion and headed by condensation

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28
Q

The condensation process requires

A

condensation nuclei and saturated air

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29
Q

The principal process for raindrop formation in tropical warm clouds is

A

collision- coalescence process

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30
Q

Weather is

A

the short-term condition of the atmosphere

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31
Q

Climate is the ____ term average of weather conditions and extremes in a region

A

long

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32
Q

An air mass initially reflects the characteristics of its source region

A

TRUE

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33
Q

an air mass is heterogeneous in terms of temperature and humidity

A

FALSE

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34
Q

Air masses that develop over Canada are examples of ____ air masses

A

cP

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35
Q

Most air is denser than dry air

A

FALSE

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36
Q

A well-developed, newly formed cP air mass would have which of the following characteristics

A

all of the above

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37
Q

The maritime tropical Pacific (mT) and maritime tropical gulf and Atlantic (mT) air masses are

A

different from one another because the pacific air mass usually has lower specific humidity than the gulf/Atlantic air mass

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38
Q

A mT air mass is likely to be ___than a cT air mass because the mT air mass___

A

wetter; forms over the ocean

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39
Q

Which of the following would result in the modification of the air mass?

A

all of the above

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40
Q

Lake effect snow involves heavy snowfall on the leeward shores of the great lakes

A

TRUE

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41
Q

Summer afternoon thundershowers in the southeastern United States are more than likely a result of

A

convection lifting

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42
Q

The term “orographic” refers to

A

forced uplift due to the presence of a physical barrier

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43
Q

Heavy rain and snow fall on the western side of Cascades is due to orographic lifting

A

TRUE

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44
Q

The term “rain shadow” refers to

A

dry regions on the leeward side of mountain ranges

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45
Q

Chinook winds are cold and dry winds

A

FALSE

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46
Q

Chinook winds form on the leeward side of mountains

A

TRUE

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47
Q

List two types of fronts ___ front and ____ front

A

cold; warm

48
Q

The energy source of thunderstorms is from the condensation of large amount of water vapor in the clouds

A

TRUE

49
Q

Florida has the highest thunderstorm frequency in the US, because

A

A & B only

50
Q

Tornadoes occur in every month except March & April in the United States

A

FALSE

51
Q

The peak month of tornado occurrence is November

A

FALSE

52
Q

The highest frequency of tornadoes in the US occurs in

A

Oklahoma

53
Q

Tropical cyclones originate entirely within tropical air masses

A

TRUE

54
Q

The sea surface temperature (SST) must be greater than ____ for triggering a tropical cyclone

A

26 degrees C

55
Q

Tropical cyclones in the northern hemisphere rotate clockwise

A

F

56
Q

which part of a hurricane consists of dry, descending air

A

eye

57
Q

On weather maps, a warm front is represented by a line with small triangle spikes that point in the direction of frontal movement

A

FALSE

58
Q

The hydrologic cycle includes water

A

All of the above

59
Q

With regard to the hydrologic cycle, the bulk of the precipitation occurs over land

A

FALSE

60
Q

Most of the water that falls in the continents is derived from the oceans

A

TRUE

61
Q

precipitation that reaches earth’s surface penetrates the soil surface through the process of

A

infiltration

62
Q

precipitation is generally measured with

A

specially constructed gages

63
Q

It is necessary to place a windshield around a rain gage because without it, the amount of rain trapped by the gage would be more than that which actually fell

A

FALSE

64
Q

Potential evapotranspiration refers to

A

the amount of water that would evaporate or transpire if it was available

65
Q

Which of the following is true of precipitation in North America

A

The highest amounts occur in the south east and extreme south

66
Q

Transpiration refers to

A

the outward movement of water from plan leaves

67
Q

Which of the following would decrease the rate at which evapotranspiration occurs

A

increased humidity

68
Q

Which of the following can measure the potential evapotranspiration’s

A

evaporation pan

69
Q

Which of the following can measure the actual evapotranspiration

A

lysimeter

70
Q

Which of the following is normally true of a hot desert

A

Potential evapotranspiration exceeds actual evapotranspiration

71
Q

If precipitation and soil moisture are inadequate to meet potential evapotranspiration demands, the moisture condition is described as

A

a deficit

72
Q

Water detention on the surface is a form of

A

surplus

73
Q

As transpiration occurs, water enters plant roots because

A

the water pressure in the soil is more than the water pressure in the plan

74
Q

As soil moisture reaches _____ point, plan stops transpiration.

A

wilting

75
Q

A water-bearing rock stratum is called a(n)

A

aquifer

76
Q

Which of the following is true regarding an unconfined aquifer

A

It is recharged by the downward flow of water under the influence of gravity

77
Q

The term “cone of depression” refers to

A

a depression in the water table formed by rapid ground water withdrawal

78
Q

Which of the following is potential consequence of ground water over pumping?

A

all of the above

79
Q

The largest practical potential source of fresh water in North America is

A

ground water

80
Q

If the water table reaches the surface of the ground, a spring could develop

A

TRUE

81
Q

The upper limit of the water that collects in the zone of saturation is called the

A

water table

82
Q

An artesian aquifer is confined aquifer containing ground water that will flow upward through a well without the need of pumping

A

TRUE

83
Q

An area defined by characteristics, long- term weather patterns in called

A

a climatic region

84
Q

Global climate change has been linked to floods, droughts, and record high temperatures

A

TRUE

85
Q

Climate is

A

the long term atmospheric condition including extremes that may occur

86
Q

Based on principles discussed earlier in this course, you know that the annual temperature range of places located in the interior of a continent is ___ than those located along the coast at the same latitude

A

greater

87
Q

Based on principles discussed earlier in this course, you know that the coastal areas located adjacent to cold ocean currents experience less precipitation than areas located adjacent to warm currents

A

TRUE

88
Q

In which of the following areas would the least amount of precipitation occur

A

on the leeward side of a mountain range in the interior of a continent

89
Q

Regarding average annual precipitation, which of the following is correct

A

The highest average values occur along the equator

90
Q

Hot and wet temperature and precipitation patterns are characteristics of

A

rainforests in the equatorial tropics

91
Q

Cold and dry temperature and precipitation patterns are characteristics of

A

polar climates

92
Q

An empirical classification is based on, among other factors,

A

the mean annual temperature and precipitation of an area

93
Q

A genetic classification system can be based on, among other factors,

A

The interaction of air masses

94
Q

Which of the following lists the correct, generalized sequence of climate from the equator to the poles?

A

tropical>desert>mesothermal>microthermal>polar

95
Q

The tropical rain forest climate receives most of its rainfall as a result of frontal uplift

A

FaLse

96
Q

Which of the following is false regarding the tropical rainforest climates?

A

The annual temperature range is larger than the dail temperature raing

97
Q

Which of the following is false regarding the tropical rain forest ecosystems

A

Low growing vegetation is dense to the rain forest

98
Q

The dry season in the tropical monsoon climate occurs when

A

The ITCZ is not overhead

99
Q

Which of the following is false regarding the tropical monsoon climate

A

The summer is the driest time of the year

100
Q

The tropical savanna climate has

A

The itCZ in summer and the subtropical high in winter

101
Q

Which of the following is true of the Mediterranean climate

A

Dry summers and wet winters

102
Q

Greenhouse gases act to increase temperatures by absorbing and releasing

A

longwave energy reavelling from earth into space

103
Q

list two proxy indicators scientists used to study past climate

A

Coral reef and tree rings

104
Q

Scientists use the _____________________ model (GCM) to predict future climate

A

general circulation

105
Q

Tundra is a type of land under continuous snow cover for 8-10 months with the warmest month air temperature is about ___degrees C, and less than ___ degrees C.

A

0;10

106
Q

Which of the following phase changes decreases the temperature of the air?

A

Ice to water

107
Q

A sling psychrometer has two thermometers

A

Dry and wet

108
Q

List four cloud types classified by altitude

A

Low, mid, high, vertical

109
Q

List three cloud types classified by form

A

Cirroform, stratiform, cumuliform

110
Q

Air masses tend to maintain their original characteristics as they migrate from their source regions

A

False

111
Q

List the four atmospheric lifting mechanisms

A

Convergent, convectional, orographic, frontal

112
Q

After a cold front passes, the temperature ____ and the pressure ____

A

Decreases, increases

113
Q

Tropical cyclones are called ____ in North America

A

Hurricanes

114
Q

Tropical cyclones are called ____ in china

A

Typhoon

115
Q

Tropical cyclones are called ____ in Australia

A

Cyclones

116
Q

List four types of precipitation

A

Dew, fog, hail, rain

117
Q

The tropical savanna climate is associated with a wet summer and a dry winter and is dominated by the ITCZ for 6 months or less during the year

A

True

GEOG (2 decks)

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