Test 2 Flashcards
A note on a drawing states: “Beam-to-column connections to be H.S. bolted.”
The abbreviation “H.S.” stands for:
high strength
The final operation in the placement of a structural steel member is:
placing permanent fasteners
A type of truss that beams are arranged in rectangles or squares, doesn’t have diagonal braces like other trusses, but it uses sturdy connections at the corners to stay strong is called?
Vierendeel truss
What type of crane would be used to construction a high-rise building?
Tower crane
What is name of the most commonly used wire rope used in a tower crane?
(IWCR) independent wire rope core
When erecting a building with a crane, where should you start?
Start away and work towards the crane
Name the type of weld that joins two pieces of metal at a right angle by creating a triangular shaped weld.
Fillet weld
Name the type of weld where a hole or a slot is filled with molten metal to join to overlapping metal pieces.
Plug weld
aka. Slot weld
Name the type of weld, where two metal pieces with a curved edge are joined by creating a weld bead the gradually widens to form a flared shape
Flare bevel groove weld
Name the type of weld where two metal pieces are joined together, with one having a straight edge and the other piece having a curved concave groove.
J Groove weld
Name the type of joint in which two pieces of metal are joined together by creating a groove in the shape of a “U” and filling it with molten metal through welding.
U-groove
Name the welding technique where the joint between two pieces of metal is welded along the entire circumference or perimeter of the joint.
Weld all around
Aka continuous weld or 360-degree weld
Name the weld that refers to the welding operation performed on-site, rather than in a controlled workshop environment.
Field weld
A ton of steel has 250 square feet of paintable surface and you must paint 800 tons. If each gallon of paint covers 400 square feet, how many gallons of paint are needed?
A. 400 gal
B. 500 gal
C. 560 gal
D. 600 gal
B. 500 gal
Surface Area:
800 T × 250 sq ft/T = 200,000 sq ft.
Paint:
200,000 sq ft - 400 sq ft/gal =
500 gal.
Which tool is used to remove the head of a rivet?
A. dolly
B. punch
C. buster
D. impact wrench
C. buster
Three laborers have each worked 10 hours overtime. Their straight-time rate is $18.50. If the overtime rate is 1-1/2 times straight time, how much overtime pay is due?
A. $422.50
B. $527.00
C. $687.25
D. $832.50
D. $832.50
$18.50/hr x 1.5 hr = $27.75.
$27.75/hr x 10 hr/worker = $277.50.
$277.50/worker x 3 workers =
$832.50
A crew consists of a foreman ($16.20/hr), three journeymen ($13.50/hr each), and an apprentice ($11.00/hr). The crew works an 8-hour day. What are the total wages?
A. $433.60
B. $541.60
C. $651.20
D. $733.60
B. $541.60
$16.20 ÷ $13.50 + $13.50 + $13.50
+ $11.00 = $67.70 /hr.
$67.70/hr x 8/hr = $541.60
What is a maul used for?
A. hitting steel members into place
B. driving drift pins and bull pins into connection holes
C. used for straightening bent material
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
What is a “headache ball” used for?
A. temporary scaffolding
B. hoist the mast
C. to help overhaul the load falls
D. migraines
C. to help overhaul the load falls
The overhauling ball or headache pill is used to overhaul the main or auxiliary load falls to help bring the load block and lifting hook down after a load has been lifted and the hook has been freed.
What does the term “to plumb” mean in the erection of structural steel?
A. to true columns vertically
B. to square columns
C. to make columns level
D. to install pipes
A. to true columns vertically
After the first panel of steel is
erected, the plumbing-up gang starts installing guys. By tightening or loosening the turnbuckles on the guys, the tops of columns can be moved one way or another. A plumb bob is used to true the columns up vertically.
“W14 x 74” means:
A. a 14” deep wide-flange beam weighing
74 lb per ft
B. a 14” deep wide-flange beam weighing
74 lb per inch
C. a wide-flange beam 14 ft long weighing 74 lb per ft
D. a wide-flange beam 74 ft long weighing 14 Ib per ft
A. a 14” deep wide-flange beam weighing
74 lb per ft
On an erection drawing, “W14 x 211” indicates:
A. the size of the piece
B. the weight of the piece
C. both the size and weight of the piece
D. the size, weight, and location of the piece
C. both the size and weight of the piece
Which of the following has the lowest yield strength?
A. quenched and tempered carbon steel
B. low-alloy steel
C. quenched and tempered low-alloy steel
D. carbon steel
D. carbon steel
If you and another worker are carrying a long piece of material, how should you carry it?
A. by your sides
B. on the same shoulder
C. on opposite shoulders
D. one carries it with hands in back and the other worker follows
B. on the same shoulder
In erecting structural steel, when the holes do not align, it may be necessary to create oversize holes and use an oversize bolt.
Which of the following terms refers to enlarging a bolt hole?
A. coping
B. reaming
C. scything
D. plumbing
B. reaming
How does a slot weld differ from other types of welds?
A. It requires a slot or groove to be cut into the base metal
B. It is only used for cosmetic purposes
C. It uses a different welding technique than other weld types
D. None of the above
A. It requires a slot or groove to be cut into the base metal
Name the type of weld where two pieces of metal are joined together along their edges in a single plane, creating a strong and continuous connection.
Butt weld
Name the type of weld where two pieces of metal overlap each other, and the weld is applied along the overlapping area to join them together.
Lap weld
When erecting structural steel, what is the hand signal for bringing down the boom?
A. arm straight, fingers closed, thumb pointing down, move hand up and down repeatedly a short distance
B. give boom down signal and repeatedly open and close fingers
C. clasp fingers of one hand with the fingers of the other, palms facing
D. both arms extended, hands open, palms down, move hands quickly back and forth repeatedly
A. arm straight, fingers closed, thumb pointing down, move hand up and down repeatedly a short distance
When erecting structural steel, what is the hand signal for lower boom and raise load?
A. arm straight, fingers closed, thumb pointing down, move hand up and down repeatedly a short distance
B. arm extended, palm down, move arm back and forth
C. forearm vertical, forefinger pointing up
D. give boom down signal and repeatedly
open and close fingers
D. give boom down signal and repeatedly
open and close fingers
When erecting steel, at what height is it necessary to provide a safety net for workers?
A 15 ft
B. 25 ft
C. 36 ft
D. 42 ft
B. 25 ft
The minimum scale allowed by AISC
(American Institute of Steel Construction)
for shop drawings is:
A. 1/8”: 1 ft
B. 1/4”: 1 ft
C. 1/16”: 1 ft
D. 1/3”: 1 ft
A. 1/8”: 1 ft
A contractor must choose between hiring a crane with an operator at a cost of $9,600 for the job or renting a crane for $600/day and paying an operator $120/day. After how many days would it not be worth it to rent the crane and pay the operator?
A. 7 davs
B. 13 days
C. 15 days
D. 20 days
B. 13 days
$9,600 ÷ $720/day = 13.33 days.
How many protective coats must the erecting contractor apply to steel joists and accessories?
A. none
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
A. none
A contractor estimates total labor at
$180,000. Labor costs include a crew of 40 workers at an average wage of $18.00
per hour for an 8-hour day. Labor also includes two ironworkers. One is at journey level at $11.00 per hour, and the other is a foreman at $19.00 per hour. If the contractor can only afford 10% of the labor estimate for rain delays, how many
8-hour days has the contractor allowed for the weather factor?
A. 1 day
B. 3 days
C. 4.5 days
D. 7 days
B. 3 days
Crew:
$18/hr x 8 hr/day x 40 workers =
$5,760/day.
Iron workers:
$19/hr + $11/hr = $30/hr.
$30/hr x 8 hr/day = $240/day.
$5,760 + $240 = $6,000/day.
$180,000 x 0.10 = $18,000.
$18,000 - $6,000/day = 3 days.
The average working hours per ton used in estimating structural steel erection is:
A. 1 br
B. 9 hr
C. 12 hr
D. 24 hr
B. 9 hr
What does the abbreviation “do” mean on a plan?
A. ditto
B. down only
C. drain out
D. do over
A. ditto
A crew installs 60 bolts per day. If the crew consists of 1 foreman at $19.50 per hour, 2 journeymen at $16.00 per hour apiece, and 2 apprentices at $11.00 per hour apiece, what is the cost per bolt in an
8-hour day?
A. $ 4.40
B. $ 6.20
C. $ 9.80
D. $12.40
C. $ 9.80
2 x $16/hr = $32/hr.
2 x $11/hr = $22/hr.
$19.50/hr + $32/hr + $22/hr =
$73.50 total hourly wages.
$73.50/hr x 8 hr/day = $588 per day.
$588.00/day - 60 bolts/day = $9.80
per bolt.
Who marks the beams for location?
A. the mill
B. the fabricator
C. the general contractor
D. the architect
B. the fabricator
On buildings or structures not adaptable to temporary floors, and where scaffolds are not used, safety nets must be installed and maintained whenever the potential fall distance exceeds _____ stories or _____ feet.
A. 1… 10
B. 2… 10
C. 2… 25
D. 3… 30
C. 2… 25
Who marks the grade of steel?
A. the mill
B. the general contractor
C. the architect
D. the foreman
A. the mill
What is falsework?
A. temporary supports
B. permanent scaffolding
C. permanent shoring
D. none of the above
A. temporary supports
Falsework can be steel, timber, connecting plates, washers, etc. It normally consists of bracing and supports used to aid construction but is removed when the building is completed. The falsework materials are often fabricated at the tool house or jobsite.
Acetylene cylinders should always be stored and used:
A. upside down
B. lying down
C. in an upright position
D. they should never be stored
C. in an upright position
Oxygen hose and regulator fittings have ____________ threads.
A. left-hand
B. right-hand
C. fitted
D. no
B. right-hand
Acetylene hose and regulator fittings have
threads.
A. left-hand
B. right-hand
C. fitted
D. no
A. left-hand
What is a tag line used for?
A. directing the load
B. plumbing up
C. unloading
D. identifying the load
A. directing the load
The oxygen hose has a ________ cover, and acetylene hose has a _________ cover.
A. red … blue
B. red … green or black
C. green or black . … red
D. yellow …red
C. green or black . … red
Cranes with a capacity greater than ______ should not be used until they have been certified by a DOSH-approved certifying agent.
A. 2 T
B. 3 T
C. 5 T
D. 8T
B. 3 T
A rope-support scaffold must have a safety factor of.
A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
D. 6
The diameter of the driven head of a button head rivet should be:
A. 2 times the diameter of the rivet plus
1/8”
B. the diameter of the rivet plus 1/8”
C. 1-1/2 times the diameter of the rivet plus 1/4”
D. 1-1/2 times the diameter of the rivet plus 1/8”
D. 1-1/2 times the diameter of the rivet plus 1/8”
Steel melts at approximately what temperature?
A. 1,000°F
B. 1,600°F
C. 2,600°F
D. 3,200°F
C. 2,600°F
Structural steel melts at temperatures between 2,600 and 2,800 degrees
Fahrenheit. The exact melting temperature will depend on the amount of carbon and other metals in the alloy. Stainless steel typically melts at 2,750 degrees Fahrenheit.
Flux is:
A. a type of protective clothing typically worn by welders
B. a chemical cleaning agent in the welding process
C. a type of garbage
D. surplus line on a plumb bob
B. a chemical cleaning agent in the welding process
Drawings prepared in advance of actual fabrication giving complete information for the fabrication of the several component parts of the structure, including location, shape, fastening, and/or joining one structural member to another are known as:
A. full-size detail
B. design drawings
C. field sketches
D. shop drawings
D. shop drawings
High-strength bolts are tightened in place
with:
A. washer under bolt head only
B. washer under nut only
C. no washers
D. washers under bolt head and nut
C. no washers
Washers are not typically required.
Washers are required for snug-tightened joints if it is a sloping surface, or a slotted hole, and are required under the turned element (either nut or bolt) for pretensioned joints or slip-critical joints when direct-tension-indicator or calibrated-wrench pretensioning. When the specified minimum yield strength of the connected material is less than 40 ksi, a washer is required under both the nut and bolt.
Which of the following is the strongest
H.S. bolt?
A. A307
B. A325
C. A490
D. A525
C. A490
According to general nomenclature, what does “Q” indicate?
A. the ratio of yield stress of weak steel to stiffener steel
B. the thickness of the flange
C. the prying force per fastener
D. the nominal rib height for steel deck
C. the prying force per fastener
For taglines, use a minimum of ______ diameter new or ______ diameter used
manila line.
A. 1/4”… 1/2”
B. 1/2”… 3/4”
С. 3/4”… 3/4”
D. 3/4”…1/2”
B. 1/2”… 3/4”
Acetylene torch pressure should always be kept below:
A. 15 psi
B. 20 psi
C. 25 psi
D. 30 psi
A. 15 psi
If there are 1200 tons of steel to erect and two cranes on the job, and if each crane can erect 40 tons of steel per day, how long will it take to erect all the steel?
A. 15 days
B. 30 days
C. 60 days
D. 90 days
A. 15 days
Time = 1,200 T - (2 × 40 T/day) =
1,200 T - 80 T/day = 15 days.
A ton equals:
A. 2000 lb
B. 2500 lb
C. 3000 lb
D. 3500 lb
A. 2000 lb
What is an impact wrench used for?
A. turning a welded bolt
B. rotating a socket for bolting
C. inserting rivets
D. cutting the heads off rivets
B. rotating a socket for bolting
The main structural weakness of concrete, which limits its use in tall buildings, is that it:
A. lacks compressive strength
B. lacks tensile strength
C. lacks malleability
D. is too heavy
B. lacks tensile strength
A drum is used to:
A. extend the derrick mast
B. operate the boom
C. assemble the derrick
D. assemble the traveler
B. operate the boom
A hoist can also be used to assemble the derrick.
What are taglines used for?
A. to assemble the derrick
B. to pull the load in against the side of the structure
C. to move the falls that hold the side guys
D. to prevent load from twisting the falls
D. to prevent load from twisting the falls
Taglines are used to prevent a load
from turning and twisting the falls and to keep the load clear of the structure.
What is assembled first on a guy derrick?
A. boom and mast
B. hoist
C. load block
D. drum
A. boom and mast
Which tool is used to remove a rivet after the head is removed?
A. backing-out punch
B. buster
C. impact wrench
D. auger
A. backing-out punch
“WF” is an abbreviation for:
A. wide flange
B. welded frame
C. web flange
D. wall form
A. wide flange
What is the minimum lap on a lap weld?
A. 5 times the thickness of the thinner part joined
B. the thinnest part of the material
C. the thickest part of the material
D. 3”
A. 5 times the thickness of the thinner part joined
What size line is required for float scaffolds?
A. 1/2” diameter manila line
B. 3/4” diameter manila line
C. 1” diameter manila line
D. 1-1/4” diameter manila line
C. 1” diameter manila line
Beams marked “2-7” can be erected:
A. only on the 2nd or 7th floors
B. on the 27th floor
C. on the 9th floor
D. anywhere from the 2nd through the 7th floors
D. anywhere from the 2nd through the 7th floors
What are “beam dogs”?
A. a type of winch
B. bits for powered equipment used for cutting off material
C. devices with scissor-like arms used to lift girders
D. flanges on beams
C. devices with scissor-like arms used to lift girders
The unit weight of steel can be assumed
to be _________ per cubic foot.
A. 360 lb
B. 490 lb
C. 520 lb
D. 610 Ib
B. 490 lb
“UNC” refers to a:
A. bolt
B. rivet
C. hung rod
D. girder
A. bolt
More specifically, UNC refers to a
coarse thread series.
The abbreviation “OD” means:
A. outside diameter
B. on demand
C. ordinary deflection
D. over due
A. outside diameter
What is the area of a triangle with sides of
6 ft and 8 ft and a hypotenuse of 10 ft?
A. 12 sq ft
B. 18 sq ft
C. 24 sq ft
D. 30 sq ft
C. 24 sq ft
Area formula for a triangle =
(base x height) ÷ 2 = area
A triangle with sides of 6 ft and 8 ft and a hypotenuse of 10 ft is a right triangle. That means that you can use one of the sides as the base, and the other side as the height.
(8ft x 6ft) ÷ 2 = 24 sq ft.
Which of the following weld-testing procedures is not used?
A. dye penetrant
B. ultrasound
C. microphotograpy
D. acoustic emission
C. microphotograpy
Which of the following is the best choice for erecting a high-tier building?
A. gin-pole derrick
B. mobile crane
C. guy derrick
D. stiffleg derrick
C. guy derrick
To transfer load of a base plate to a foundation, the base plate is:
A. welded
B. grouted
C. back filled
D. planed
B. grouted
A journeyman earns 175% as much as an apprentice. If an apprentice earns $11.75 per hour, how much does a journeyman make per hour?
A. $14.69
B. $20.56
C. $26.44
D. $32.32
B. $20.56
$11.75/hr x 1.75 = $20.56/hr.
Planks on a scaffold should never be:
A. painted with an opaque coating
B. too heavy for two workers to lift them
C. clear-coated
D. discarded
A. painted with an opaque coating
Planks should NOT be coated with
an opaque finish because it will hide defects; however, linseed oil or other transparent protective coatings may be used. As a general rule, planks should be light enough for two workers to lift them. The idea is to prevent back strain. Nevertheless, Answer “B” is not correct because the question states “never,” If a plank is too heavy for two workers, other workers can help.
What do the letters W, S, C, HP, and M refer to?
A. size
B. shape
C. grade
D. location
B. shape
The number following the “X” on a tie rod refers to:
A. diameter
B. length in feet
C. length in inches
D. grade of steel
C. length in inches
What does “TOS” mean on a blueprint?
A. tension on steel
B. tag on side
C. transformation of section
D. top of steel
D. top of steel
TOS can also mean “top of slab.”
A “W14 x 45” beam is 22 ft long. How much does it weigh?
A. 308 Ib
B. 430 Ib
C. 990 lb
D. 13,860 lb
C. 990 lb
“W14 × 45” refers to a 14”-wide
flange beam weighing 45 lb to the foot. To find the weight, multiply the weight per foot times the number
of feet: 45 lb/ft x 22 ft = 990 lb.
What do you call a rectangular column that is embedded in a wall for stiffening?
A. a pilotis
B. a frieze
C. a chamfer
D. a pilaster
D. a pilaster
How does the mast move on a guy derrick?
A. rotates
B. vertically
C. horizontally
D. laterally
A. rotates
The minimum tread diameter of sheaves for 3/4” wire rope is:
A. 6”
B. 8”
C. 12”
D. 15”
D. 15”
Where is the piece mark painted on a steel beam?
A. web
B. flange end
C. top flange
D. piece mark is never painted on a steel beam
A. web
The piece mark is usually painted on the web; however, the fabricator often adds a mark to the top flange of each piece with keel (marking crayon) because several beams standing close together with just enough room to install an erecting sling make it too difficult to read the web mark.
On an erection diagram, a number is written on the center line of a member.
What does this mean?
A. the member must be installed in a certain direction
B. member should be lifted from the center only
C. the member can be installed in either direction
D. someone made a mistake–numbers should never be written on the center line of a steel member
C. the member can be installed in either direction
When a member must be placed in a certain direction, the piece mark on the erection diagram will be at one end. If the member can be placed in either direction, the mark will be at the center of the line on the diagram that represents the member.
The fabricator often adds an extra mark:
A. to the bottom flange
B. to the web
C. to the top flange
D. on the center
C. to the top flange
If a journeyman is paid $19.50 per hour, and a foreman is paid 20% more, how much is the foreman making?
A. $ 3.90 per hour
B. $15.60 per hour
C. $23.40 per hour
D. $27.30 per hour
C. $23.40 per hour
$19.50/hr x 1.20 = $23.40/hr
When do you plane a rolled steel base plate?
A. when the base plate is less than 2” thick
B. when the base plate is grouted
C. when the base plate is over 4” thick
D. never
C. when the base plate is over 4” thick
Why are sling protectors used?
A. to prevent the bottom flange of a heavy girder from cutting the cable as it is being lifted
B. to prevent the load from swinging back toward the structure
C. to guide the load
D. to prevent damage to the girder as it is being lifted
A. to prevent the bottom flange of a heavy girder from cutting the cable as it is being lifted
What purpose does the grout in the pad on the bottom of a column serve?
A. ensures full bearing contact under the entire plate area
B. ensures that the base plate is level
C. supplements anchor bolts in resisting tension and shear at the base of the column
D. fills in cracks to resist moisture seepage
A. ensures full bearing contact under the entire plate area
A center-punch is used for:
A. punching a hole in the centerline of a beam
B. making a slight indentation to aid in starting a drill bit in the correct location
C. determining exactly the location of the beam’s center
D. balancing a beam while it is being lifted
B. making a slight indentation to aid in starting a drill bit in the correct location
Shaping steel members by forcing hot metal through a die of desired profile is called:
A. malleability
B. forging
C. extruding
D. tempering
C. extruding
How are steel trusses shipped?
A. in one piece
B. in pieces
C. depends on job site
D. depends on length of truss
D. depends on length of truss
Whenever possible, trusses are shop-
fabricated and transported to the job site. Spans too long to be transported in one piece are made up of two or more sections and are spliced in the field.
A platform used for riveting should not be less than _____ wide.
A 24”
B. 32”
C. 36”
D. 40”
C. 36”
How much clearance should there be between a column base and its concrete footing?
A. zero
B. 1”
C. 1-1/2”
D. 1-1/4”
A. zero
In most structures, the vertical load
from the column base is transmitted to the foundations through structural grout. By placing the grout under the bearing plate, it allows the full bearing weight to be distributed evenly to the concrete footing with zero clearance.
In general, there are three methods by which support is provided for column bases during erection:
(a) Pre-grouted leveling plates or loose base plates.
(b) Shims.
(c) Leveling nuts and washers on the anchor rods beneath the column base.
Generally, loose base plates and leveling plates are grouted as they are set, and bearing plates that are set on shims or leveling nuts are grouted after the structural steel is plumb.
What do you use to cut steel?
A. oxyacetylene torch
B. air torch
C. hacksaw
D. bandsaw
A. oxyacetylene torch
