Test 1 Flashcards
The most common type of rivets used in structural steel framing is…
Hot rivets
The most common type of connector for structural steel is…
Nuts & Bolts
What connection can withstand the most tensile and shear stresses?
(H.S bolts) high strength steel bolts
What does “to cope” mean?
To cut and shape one steel piece to fit perfectly against the other, for a tight and flush connection.
What are the four basic types of steel stairs?
Straight, L shaped, U shaped and spiral stairs
A steel angle has the dimensions:
L 3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/4
how would they be read?
The steel angle with the dimensions “L 3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/4” would be a piece of steel shaped like an “L” with two legs that are both 3-1/2 inches long and a thickness of 1/4 inch.
What are the most important things to consider when using portable air compressors?
- Check air pressure and flow for tools
- Maintain and use safely
What is a sorting yard (steel yard) used for?
A sorting yard (steel yard) is used to organize and categorize steel members before they are transported or distributed.
What’s the difference between level and plumb?
Level means side to side ⬅️➡️
Plumb means straight up and down ⬆️⬇️
What unit of measurement is used to estimate a steel structure?
Ton
What is the best way to lift a long girder?
A crane with a spreader beam
According to Caltrans girders and beams that are to be unloaded and storage should be placed in which position?
Girders and beams are to be stored horizontally on racks or stands to prevent bending, deformation, and avoid contact with the ground or other surfaces that could cause damage.
According to Caltrains, long steel members, such as columns and chords, that are to be unloaded and stored should be placed….
Columns and chords are to be stored horizontally on racks or stands to prevent bending, deformation, and avoid contact with the ground or other surfaces that could cause damage.
What are 4 uses for corrugated sheet metal?
Roofing, sidings, decking, and partition
What does the California building codes enforce?
California building codes enforce rules for safety construction and maintenance of buildings covering areas like structure, fire safety, accessibility and energy efficiency.
What is the the American Institute of steel construction?
An organization that sets standards and provides guidance for the design, fabrication and direction of steel structures in the United States.
What is a fixture member?
A fixture member is a component used to connect and support other parts of a structure.
How do you prepare hot rolled or mill finish steel for spray painting?
It should be degreased/sandblasted, neglecting, proper surface preparation can lead to paint failure and compromise coating performance.
What is the most efficient way to reduce the heat inside an open space of a room?
To use a fan
What does “CRS” on a plan mean?
Cold rolled steel
Labor for structural steel work is estimated per…
Hour
Number 4 gauge is _________ than number 6 gauge
Thicker
The process used to increase particle size of iron ores to make them suitable for steel manufacturing is called…
Agglomeration
The process by which a relatively thick layer is added to a surface of a structure (walls and roofs) to improve resistant to corrosion is called…
Cladding
refers to adding an outer layer, or covering to the exterior surface of a building or structure for purposes, such as protection, insulation or aesthetics.
The process by which a thin layer of metal is deposited by an electrochemical process is called …
Electroplating
One or more rows of structure placed one above another, are called…
Tiers
The process by which hardened steel, or Harden cast iron, is heated below, its melting point to decrease hardness and increase toughness is called…
Tempering
Note: tempered steel is a good structural component, but can have a weak impact resistance.
How much does a W10×22 beam weigh if it is 20 feet long?
Answer: 440lbs
W = wide flange
10 = height of beam (10 inches)
22 = pounds per foot
20x22=440
What type of steel is coded with zinc?
Galvanized
Why should a hardened washer be used with high strength steel?
To prevent Galling, the steel during tightening.
Galling is a form of surface damage that occurs when two surfaces in sliding or rotating contact experience, excessive friction and adhere together.
What type of steel is designated for rivets?
Rivets steel is a low carbon steel that possesses high ductility and good formability, allowing it to be easily formed and shaped during the rivet manufacturing process.
If a code states you can cantilever 24 inches for every 1 inch of beam depth and have a 9 inch beam what is the allowable span?
Answer: 18’
9x24=216”
216÷12= 18’
On an erection sheet, which direction should a piece of structural steel face if it is labeled S41?
Southside
beam number. 41
The proper sequence for stacking structural steel members is…
Stack in order from number and letter.
What does the center line symbol “℄” mean?
Centerline symbol on plants show the middle line of an object or feature. It helps with alignment and positioning of other elements.
What is an area of a circle with a diameter of 36 feet?
Answer: 1017
Formula: π x radius²
36÷2=18
18²=324
324xπ=1017
What does “CWT” mean?
“CWT” stands for “hundredweight,” a unit of measurement equivalent to 100 pounds.
True or false quench and tempered alloy steel is one of the strongest types of structural steel.
True
What is a needle beam?
A structural beam that extends beyond its supports to create a cantilever section.
How many coats of paint are applied by the fabricating shop?
One prime coat.
What is the minimum dry thickness required for a shop for prime coat on steel?
1 mil
What does 1mil in thickness equal to?
0.001
What is commonly used as a pre-treatment for steel to improve the bond for the finish coat of paint?
Zinc based primer
What does TYP mean on a plan?
It means typical and indicates that the information applies to similar elements throughout the project.
And a unencased steel frame will expand or contract ______ per 100 feet for each 15 Fahrenheit change in temperature.
1/8 inch
Columns anchored to foundations are exactly plump, only when the Steel is at _________ temperature.
Normal
What is the correct sequence for tightening bolts?
The most common sequences for tightening bolts are known as the opposite side or cross pattern method.
Who is responsible for the reuse of bolts on the project ?
Engineer
According to the building code, if a demolition of a building, higher than 7 1/2 feet is taking place, what sort of protection is required within 6 feet of the building?
A fence and canopy
According to the building code, if a structure is 8 feet or less in height, is being demolished what will be required 6 feet away from the site?
A railing
According to building code a canopy to protect pedestrians, during demolition, must have a clear height of _______ above a walkway.
8 feet
What is a commonly used material for manufacturing, steel columns, and structural members?
Structural steel such as ASTM A572, is commonly used in for manufacturing steel columns.
What is a gin-pole Derrick?
a crane with a vertical mast and horizontal boom used for lifting heavy loads in construction and other industries.
How does a gin-pole Derrick differ from a guy Derrick.
A gin pole derrick has a vertical mast with an angled pole and relies on guy wires for stability, while a guy derrick has a rigid mast with diagonal braces and uses guy wires for lateral stability. Gin pole derricks have lower load capacity compared to guy derricks
Hoisting ropes within ________ of the floor or ground must be guarded.
7 feet
When two or more ropes are placed over a crane’s hook you should…
Use a shackle
What is the primary reason for selecting a level ground with sufficient load-bearing capacity for a crane base?
To maintain the crane’s stability and prevent accidents
What is the best way to communicate with a crane operator?
Hand signals
What do you use to balance a guy Derrick if it isn’t stable enough.
Extra guy lines
When is oiling a crane in operation allowed?
Never
When a building is being designed, and a crane or guy Derrick will have to be used. How is the building modified to accommodate the extra weight of a crane or Derrick?
The columns are to be made stronger
What is the most economical way to erect a large flat building?
To use a mobile stringer crane
Standard practice is to use _____ guy wires spaced evenly around a guy Derrick.
6
The maximum use of a gin-pole Derrick, rig with at least _____ guy wires.
4
Wire rope on equipment that has been idle for a period of __________ or More should be inspected completely.
2 days
What is the average weight capacity of normal size cranes used in structural steel construction?
Ranges from 40 tons to 120 tons
What does the term “Falls” refer to?
Ropes for block-and-tackle
The most dangerous weather condition for operating a crane is…
High winds
Tiedowns are generally used for cranes…
To hold the crane body in place during shipment.
Increasing the counter weight on a crane to lift loads greater than the chart capacities can…
Increase structural loads to the point of collapse.
Operating a crane with too little counterweight will allow the crane to tip ____________, whereas operating it with too much will allow the crane to tip ___________
Forward ….. backward
What are three things that are relevant to determining the amount of counterweight
on a crane?
Type of crane, length of boom, and type of operation
Mobile cranes with booms over 200 feet long, or with a capacity greater than _________, require a load indicating device or its equivalent.
50 tons
On a crane with a relatively heavy capacity, the boom falls is secured to a _________ fastened to the back end of the crane body frame.
Gantry
____________on each side of a truck-crane raise the frame high enough so the load is not transmitted to the wheels during a lifting operation.
Outriggers
On crawler-cranes and truck-cranes, the boom is mounted on the front end of the crane body by the means of…
Boom heel pins
To gain additional reach or height for light loads, a _______ can be added to the end of the crane’s boom for lifting light loads.
Jib
When setting up a crawler crane, it is most economical and fastest to…
use a second crane to assemble the boom.
After a crawler crane has been delivered and it is on the ground, the first step is to…
Erect the gantry in the high position.
After all parts of the gantry crane have been assembled, the next step is to…
Reeve and secure the main-load falls and runner or whip.
3 reasons for an inspection and check of a recently delivered crane would be…
If it has come from the erector’s tool house, if it has come from a rental vendor, or if it has come directly from the manufacturer
A contractor determined that transporting a crawler crane under its own power, would cause no damage to a highway surface. The gantry was lowered to clear overhead wires. The contractor proceeded
Correctly
A sling attached so that the wire rope, encircling the load is self-tightening is called a…
Choker
The welding method most commonly use for structural steel work is…
Shielded metal arc welding
How do you attach steelmetal deck to underlying steel members?
Puddle weld
What are runoff tabs used for?
To provide a sound weld
The most versatile, hoisting equipment would be the….
Mobile crane
For complete combustion during oxyacetylene welding, a ratio of _______ parts oxygen to one part acetylene is required
2-1/2
In spot (resistance) welding, if the current is doubled, the heat is…
Quadrupled
What type of electrode is used for spot (resistance) welding?
Copper
What type of welding processes used by using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal?
Arcwelding
An oxyacetylene welding what color is the flame?
First orange then blue
In arc welding, what is the main function of the electrode?
To generate enough heat to produce the weld
What weld joint has, two curved surfaces side-by-side with longitudinal contact.
Flare V joint
True or false, does the erection plant tell you the grade of the steel?
False
Which authority typically issues permits for setting up construction equipment on a site?
Local government or municipal authorities
The cost of making shop/working drawings for steel structures is usually figured by
Number of sheets required for Layout, details, erection diagrams, etc.
When there are questions about the structural steel plan, whom should be consulted?
Structural engineer
When calculating weights for contract purposes, what are 3 things that deductions for material removal does not count for?
Copes, drilled holes, and blocks
Who is held responsible for keeping anchor bolts aligned when the footing is being poured?
General contractor
