Test 2 Flashcards
What is DH for Eimeria tenella and where is it located?
Domestic Chickens
located in Cecum and large intestine.
What is IH for Eimeria tenella?
None
What is the Geographic Distribution for Eimeria tenella?
Cosmopolitan
What is the Mode of Transmission for Eimeria tenella?
Oocyst ingested in contaminated food or water.( a direct, but complex fecal-oral life cycle)
What is the Pathology of Eimeria tenella?
Pathology:Causes Coccidiosis
- Invades cell lining in cecum and large intestine
- If survive person is immune
Diagnosis: Oocyst in fecal float
What is DH for Cryptosporidium parvum?
Humans and most mammals
What is IH for Cryptosporidium parvum?
None
What is the Geographic distribution for Cryptosporidium parvum?
Cosmopolitan
What is the mode of transportation for Cryptosporidium parvum?
Ingestion of oocysts in contaminated water, food less frequently
Where in DH is Cryptosporidium parvum located?
Invades cells lining the small intestines, particularly the ileum
What is the pathology for Cryptosporidium parvum?
- Invades and lyses intestinal epithelium cells
- symptoms: Cryptosporidiosis- severe watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and weight loss
- in young and elderly, infections last longer and are more severe
- Most severe and deadly in Aids patients
- diagnosis- Oocyst in fecal float
What is the DH for Toxoplasma gondii?
Cats of many species
What is the IH for Toxoplasma gondii
Domestic and wild animals - anything a cat would eat
What is the geographic distribution for Toxoplasma gondii?
Cosmopolitan
13% worldwide, 50% in U.S.
What is the mode of transportation for Toxoplasma gondii?
Cat ingest infected host or oocyst
- Humans accidentally ingest oocyst from feces or eat undercooked meat
Where in the DH is Toxoplasma gondii located?
Mostly intestinal in cats
What is the Pathology for Toxoplasma gondii?
Usually asymptomatic in cats and humans
-Acute Toxopasmosis- Fever, headaches, usually stopped by immune system.
- Sabacute Toxoplasmosis- Occures when immunity develops slowly, Destroys liver, heart,brain and eyes
- Chronic Toxoplasmosis - Cyst forms after immunity established, when immune system is weak break out and cause relapses of symptoms
- Congenital Toxoplasmosis- Stay away from cats if pregnant or trying to get pregnant, one of leading cause of spontaneous abortion
What is DH for Sarcocystis spp?
Carnivores, including dogs and humans (rare)
What is IH for Sarcocystis spp?
Herbivores, include cattle and duck
what is geographic distribution for Sarcocystis spp?
Cosmopolitan
What is the Mode of transportation for Sarcocystis spp?
DH ingests of muscle with sarcocyst; IH ingests oocysts in environment.
What is Pathology for Sarcocystis spp?
Very similar to food poisoning (intestinal form) could invade organs
What is DH for Plasmodium vivax?
Anopheles mosquito
What is IH for Plasmodium vivax?
Humans and other primates
What is geographic distribution for Plasmodium vivax?
Most common in temperate regions.
What is mode of transportation for Plasmodium vivax?
Injected with bite of mosquito
Where in the IH is Plasmodium vivax located?
Lever and red blood cells
What is Pathology of Plasmodium vivax?
- Schizonts rupture cells in liver and RBC’s
- Invades youn RBC’s
- Fever and chills occur in 48-hour cycles
- Relaps can occur up to 8 years later
- Diagnosis is blood smear; RBC’s have Shuffner’s Dots and are larger than normal
What is DH in Plasmodium falciparum?
Anopheles mosquito
What is IH of Plasmodium falciparum?
Humans
What is geographic distribution of Plasmodium falciparum?
Cosmopolitan but more common in tropics and subtropics
What is Mode of transportation for Plasmodium falciparum?
Injected during the bite of the mosquito
Where in the IH is Plasmodium falciparum located?
Liver and red blood cells
What is the Pathology of Plasmodium falciparum?
Schizonts rupture cells in liver and RBC’s
Symptoms: Cause malignant tertian malaria
-fever and chills occur in 48-hour cycles
-no true relapses but can go into remission 1-3 years later
Diagnosis- Difficult because infected RBC cluster up and are not seen in circulating blood
What is DH for Plasmodium malariae?
Anopheles mosquito
What is IH for Plasmodium malariae?
Humans, other primates
What is geographical distribution for Plasmodium malariae?
Very patchy, unknown
- Tropical Africa, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Malaya, Java, New Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Brazil, Panama.
- Eradicated from U.S.
What is Mode of Transportation for Plasmodium malariae?
Injected during the bite of the mosquito
Where in the IH in Plasmodium malariae located?
Liver and red blood cells
What is Pathology of Plasmodium malariae?
Schizonts rupture cells in liver and RBCs
Symptoms: causes quartan malaria
-Fever and chills occur in 72-hour cycles
What is DH for Plasmodium ovale?
Anopheles mosquito
What is IH for Plasmodium ovale?
Humans
What is geographic distribution for What is DH for Plasmodium ovale?
Mainly tropics, also Old and New World
What is mode of transportaion for What is DH for Plasmodium ovale?
Injected during the bite of the mosquito
Where in the IH is Plasmodium ovale located?
Liver and red blood cells
What is the pathology for Plasmodium ovale?
Schizonts rupture cells in liver and RBC’s
Symptoms: Causes mild tertian malaria
Diagnosis is blood smear; RBC’s have Shuffner’s Dots and are larger than normal
What is the DH for Babesia bigemina?
Boophilus spp. ticks
What is IH for Babesia bigemina?
Cattle, deer, water buffalo, zebu
What is geographic distribution for Babesia bigemina?
In U.S., was common in Texas. Also found in cattle producing areas of South America and Africa
Where in the IH in Babesia bigemina located?
RBC’s only
- no exoerythrocytic stages
What is Pathology of Babesia bigemina?
Severe anemia
- parasite divides rapidly and repeatedly until shut down by immune system or kills host
- Symptoms: Babesiosis or Texas red-water fever
