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Tropical > Cestodes(tapeworm), Trematodes (Flukes), Acanthocephala & Leeches > Flashcards

Cestodes(tapeworm), Trematodes (Flukes), Acanthocephala & Leeches Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DH of Diphyllobothrium spp?

A

Fish Eating Carnivores (dogs, bears, weasels, seals, etc)

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2
Q

What is IH of Diphyllobothrium spp?

A

1st- Crustaceans and copepods

2nd- Fish (especially pike and salmonids)

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3
Q

What is Geographic Range of Diphyllobothrium spp?

A

Norther Hemisphere (sushi)

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4
Q

What is MoT of Diphyllobothrium spp?

A

Ingestion of the parasite for all hosts:
Copepod (1st IH) eats coracidium
Fish (2nd IH) eats copepod with procercoid larvae
DH eats fish with plerocercoid

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5
Q

Where is Location in DH for Diphyllobothrium ssp?

A

Small Intestines

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6
Q

What is Pathology of Diphyllobothrium ssp?

A

Causes two diseases Diphyllobothriasis (adult tapeworm): verminous intoxication, anemia from lack of B-12, nausea etc.. Sparganosis (larval tapeworm): symptoms depend on where it migrates.

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7
Q

How do you diagnose Diphyllobothrium ssp:?

A

Diphyllobothriasis: Eggs in feces
Sparganosis: x-rays and biopsies of lumps

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8
Q

What is DH of Taenia saginata (“Beef Tapeworm”)

A

Humans

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9
Q

What is IH of Taenia saginata (“Beef Tapeworm”)?

A

Cattle

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10
Q

What is Geographic range of Taenia saginata (“Beef Tapeworm”)?

A

Cosmo but most common where meat is no inspected

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11
Q

What is MoT of Taenia saginata (“Beef Tapeworm”)?

A

Ingestion of larval form in undercooked beef (well done from now on…) night soils increase incidenc

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12
Q

Where is location in DH of Taenia saginata (“Beef Tapeworm”)?

A

Small intestine

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13
Q

What is Pathology of Taenia saginata (“Beef Tapeworm”)?

A

Verminous intoxication

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14
Q

What is Diagnosis of Taenia saginata (“Beef Tapeworm”)?

A

Eggs and Proglottids in feces or measly beef freeze below -5 degrees C to kill cysticerci

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15
Q

What is DH of Taineia solium ( Pork Tapeworm)?

A

Humans

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16
Q

What is IH of Taineia solium ( Pork Tapeworm)?

A

Pigs (Humans can serve as IH for Larvae)

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17
Q

What is Geographic range of Taineia solium ( Pork Tapeworm)?

A

Cosmopolitan

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18
Q

What is MoT for Taineia solium ( Pork Tapeworm)?

A

Ingestion of undercooked pork (char it!!)

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19
Q

Where is location in DH for Taineia solium ( Pork Tapeworm)?

A

Small Intestines

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20
Q

What is Pathology of Taineia solium ( Pork Tapeworm)?

A 
Verminous intoxication (Adult)
Cysticercosis (larval): symptoms depend on where the larvae migrate likes subcut. Connective tissue followed by brain, muscles, heart, liver, lungs, and coelom
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21
Q

What is diagnosis of Taineia solium ( Pork Tapeworm)?

A

Eggs in feces tells you they have an adult Taenia spp. proglottids can diagnose this species
Cysticercosis can be diagnosed with x-rays or MRI

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22
Q

What is DH for Echinococcus granulosus

(“Sheep Tapeworm”)?

A

Carnivores including dogs, wolves, and coyotes

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23
Q

What is IH for Echinococcus granulosus

(“Sheep Tapeworm”)?

A

Herbivores including sheep and mice

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24
Q

What is Geographic Range for Echinococcus granulosus

(“Sheep Tapeworm”)?

A

Most common in sheep raising countries New Zealand and Australia

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25
Q

What is MoT for Echinococcus granulosus

(“Sheep Tapeworm”)?

A

Ingestion of infected Herbivores

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26
Q

Where is Location in DH for Echinococcus granulosus

(“Sheep Tapeworm”)?

A

Small Intestine

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27
Q

What is Pathology for Echinococcus granulosus

(“Sheep Tapeworm”)?

A

Adults are tiny very little pathology Larval stage causes hydatidosis which is the formation of cysts. Oncosphere goes to various locations divides to create more worms then formas a cyst (can reach large size)

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28
Q

What is DH for Hymenolepis nana

(“Dwarf Tapeworm”)?

A

Humans and Rodents

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29
Q

What is IH for Hymenolepis nana

(“Dwarf Tapeworm”)?

A

Larval and Adult beetles (this is optional)

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30
Q

What is Geographic Range for Hymenolepis nana

(“Dwarf Tapeworm”)?

A

Cosmo

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31
Q

What is MoT for Hymenolepis nana

(“Dwarf Tapeworm”)?

A

Ingestion of infected beetle, contaminated food, or any kind of fecal oral contact.

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32
Q

Where is Location in DH for Hymenolepis nana

(“Dwarf Tapeworm”)?

A

Small Intestine

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33
Q

What is Pathology for Hymenolepis nana

(“Dwarf Tapeworm”)?

A

Generally none because the worm is so small

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34
Q

What is diagnosis for Hymenolepis nana

(“Dwarf Tapeworm”)?

A

Eggs with polar filaments in feces

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35
Q

What is DH for Hymenolepis diminuta?

A

Humans and Rats

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36
Q

What is IH for Hymenolepis diminuta?

A

Grain Beetles (Tribolium

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37
Q

What is Geographic Range for Hymenolepis diminuta?

A

Cosmo

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38
Q

What is MoT for Hymenolepis diminuta?

A

Ingestion of infected beetle

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39
Q

Where is Location in DH for Hymenolepis diminuta?

A

Small Intestine

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40
Q

What is Pathology of Hymenolepis diminuta?

A

Usually asymptomatic(worms are small 90 mm max)

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41
Q

What is diagnosis for Hymenolepis diminuta?

A

Eggs with polar filaments in feces

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42
Q

What is DH for Dipylidium caninum

(“Dog Tapeworm”)?

A

Dipylidium caninum

(“Dog Tapeworm”)?

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43
Q

What is IH for Dipylidium caninum

(“Dog Tapeworm”)?

A

Flea

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44
Q

What is Geographic Range for Dipylidium caninum

(“Dog Tapeworm”)?

A

Cosomopolitan

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45
Q

What is MoT for Dipylidium caninum

(“Dog Tapeworm”)?

A

Ingestion of infected flea

46
Q

Where is Location in DH for Dipylidium caninum

(“Dog Tapeworm”)?

A

Small Intestine

47
Q

What is Pathology for Dipylidium caninum

(“Dog Tapeworm”)?

A

May cause verminous intoxication

Incidence in children is higher

48
Q

What is Diagnosis for Dipylidium caninum

(“Dog Tapeworm”)?

A

Proglottids in feces

49
Q

What is DH for Schistosoma japonicum?

A

Humans, wild mammals including dogs, cats, deer, prmates,horses, swine,and cattle (least host specific schistosome

50
Q

What is IH for Schistosoma japonicum?

A

1st Aquatic Snails

2nd none

51
Q

What is Geographic Range for Schistosoma japonicum?

A

South East Asia

52
Q

What is MoT for Schistosoma japonicum?

A

Cercaria burrow into skin

53
Q

Where is Location in DH for Schistosoma japonicum?

A

Veins of Small Intestine

54
Q

What is Pathology for Schistosoma japonicum?

A

Eggs lack spines so can be transported with the blood most pathology is due to immune response
Schistosomiasis 3 phases:
Migratory-cercaria migrate humoral immune response

Acute-egg production triggers fever, chills, fatigue, headache, malaise, aches, and stomach discomfort.

Chronic- Occurs where parasite is endemic causes Ascites, enlargement of spleen and liver, granulomas, dwarfism. If eggs go to the brain- fatal

55
Q

What is Diagnosis for Schistosoma japonicum?

A

Eggs in fecal float (very few are passed)

ELISA have problems Biopsies of granulomas is probably the best method

56
Q

What is DH for Schistosoma mansoni?

A

Humans monkeys and rodents

57
Q

What is IH for Schistosoma mansoni?

A

1st Aquatic Snails

2nd Aquatic snails

58
Q

What is Geographic Range for Schistosoma mansoni?

A

Africa and South America

59
Q

What is MoT for Schistosoma mansoni?

A

Cercaria burrow into the skin

60
Q

Where is Location in DH for Schistosoma mansoni?

A

Veins of Large Intestines

61
Q

What is Pathology for Schistosoma mansoni?

A

Most pathology is due to the body’s immune response. eggs have a sharp lateral spine and tend to lodge in the liver. The immune system walls them off in granulomas reducing liver function causes Schistosomiasis (same as S. japoicum but less lethal)

62
Q

What is Diagnosis for Schistosoma mansoni?

A

Eggs with lateral spine in the feces

63
Q

What is DH for Schistosoma haematobium?

A

Humans (very host specific)

64
Q

What is IH for Schistosoma haematobium?

A

1st Aqautic Snails

65
Q

What is Geographic Range for Schistosoma haematobium?

A

North Africa and small area of Middle East

66
Q

What is MoT for Schistosoma haematobium?

A

Cercaria burrow into the skin

67
Q

Where is Location in DH for Schistosoma haematobium?

A

Veins of Urinary Plexus

68
Q

What is Pathology for Schistosoma haematobium?

A

Most pathology is due to the body’s immune response. Eggs have a sharp terminal spine and tend to lodge in the walls of the bladder. . The immune system walls them off in granulomas which causes calcification of the bladder, seminal vesicles, urethra, and ureters. Causes Schistosomiasis same as others except that chronic doesn’t cause ascites or enlargement of spleen/liver. may cause bladder cancer

69
Q

What is Diagnosis for Schistosoma haematobium?

A

Eggs with terminal spine in urine

70
Q

What is DH for Echinostoma spp.?

A

Not Host Specific humans and most other warm blooded semiaquatic vertabrates

71
Q

What is IH for Echinostoma spp.?

A

1st Aqautic Snails

2nd Fish and Tadpoles

72
Q

What is Geographic Range for Echinostoma spp.?

A

Cosmo

73
Q

What is MoT for Echinostoma spp.?

A

Ingestion of raw snails and fish

74
Q

Where is Location in DH for Echinostoma spp.?

A

Small and Large Intestines and bile duct

75
Q

What is Pathology of Echinostoma spp.?

A

None but must be differentiated from other intestinal/bile duct flukes

76
Q

What is DH for Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke)?

A

Herbivores, mammals, occasionally humans

77
Q

What is IH for Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke)?

A

1st Aquatic snails

Metacercaria form on aquatic plant

78
Q

What is Geographic Range for Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke)?

A

Cosmo

79
Q

What is MoT for Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke)?

A

Ingestion of metacercaria in water or on water cress

80
Q

Where is Location in DH for Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke)?

A

Liver, particularly bile duct

81
Q

What is Pathology for Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke)?

A

Feed on the cells of liver and blood. Symptoms similar to other liver diseases

82
Q

What is Diagnosis for Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke)?

A

Eggs in feces, Liver lockages, and ELISA

83
Q

What is DH for Fasciolopsis buski?

A

Humans and Pigs

84
Q

What is IH for Fasciolopsis buski?

A

1st Aquatic Snails

Metacercaria form on aquatic plant

85
Q

What is Geographic range for Fasciolopsis buski?

A

Orient

86
Q

What is MoT for Fasciolopsis buski?

A

Ingestion of metacercaria in water or on water cress

87
Q

Where is Location in DH for Fasciolopsis buski?

A

Small Intestine

88
Q

What is Pathology for Fasciolopsis buski?

A

Verminous intoxication and obstruction of small intestines interfering with food absorption (you could always use THE ZAPPER to get rid of this parasite that is the root of all disease!)

89
Q

What is Diagnosis for Fasciolopsis buski?

A

Eggs in feces

90
Q

What is DH for Paragonimus westermani?

A

Humans and other fish eating mammals

-Large reservoir in canids and felids

91
Q

What is IH for Paragonimus westermani?

A

1st Aquatic Snails
2nd
Freshwater crabs and crayfish

92
Q

What is Geographic distribution for Paragonimus westermani?

A

Asia and Oceania

93
Q

What is MoT for Paragonimus westermani?

A

Ingest the metacercaria in undercooked crustaceans (pickling doesn’t kill) (plus pickled seafood is gross…)

94
Q

Where is Location in DH for Paragonimus westermani?

A

Lungs

95
Q

What is Pathology for Paragonimus westermani?

A

Granulomas in lungs, cough, brown sputum, and difficulty breathing. If the worms move to the brain or heart causes death. Also, causes Paragonimiasis Granulomas in lungs, cough, brown sputum, and difficulty breathing. If the worms move to the brain or heart causes death. Also, causes Paragonimiasis

96
Q

What is Diagnosis for Paragonimus westermani?

A

Eggs in sputum so don’t kiss people with this parasite..

97
Q

What is DH for Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Any fish eating mammal and camels

98
Q

What is IH for Clonorchis sinensis?

A

1st freshwater snail

2nd freshwater fish especially cyprinids (carp)

99
Q

What is Geographic Range for Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Orient

100
Q

What is MoT for Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Ingestion of metacercaria in undercooked fish

Pickling, salting, drying, and smoking do not kill metacercaria

101
Q

Where is Location in DH for Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Liver

102
Q

What is Pathology for Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Causes erosion of epithelium lining ducts, immune response damage to liver, granulomas, reduced liver function. Ascites, jaundice, indigestion, diarrhea, weight loss, hepatomegaly, liver cancer….

103
Q

What is diagnosis for Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Eggs in feces

104
Q

What is DH for Heterophyes heterophyes?

A

Humans and other fish eating mammals

105
Q

What is IH for Heterophyes heterophyes?

A

1st
Aquatic snails
2nd
Many species of mullet (fish)

106
Q

What is Geographic Range for Heterophyes heterophyes?

A

Northern Africa, Asia Minor, Far East including Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Philippines and USA because of sushi

107
Q

What is MoT for Heterophyes heterophyes?

A

Eating metacercaria in undercooked or raw fish

108
Q

Where is Location in DH for Heterophyes heterophyes?

A

Small Intestines

109
Q

What is Pathology for Heterophyes heterophyes?

A

Mild inflammatory response. Heavy infections damage the mucosa and can penetrate it causing mucous diarrhea.
Then eggs go to other locations, including heart, brain, lymph nodes, etc

110
Q

What is Diagnosis for Heterophyes heterophyes?

A

Need adult worm to diagnose

Tropical (2 decks)

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