test 2

Question 1

In order to survive cells must…

Answer 1

take in nutrients from the nonliving environment outside of the cell and dispose of the wastes in the cell. These prosseses happen through the cell membrane.

Question 2

What is the man function of the cell membrane?

Answer 2

The main function of the cell membrane is to regulate what enters and exits the cell.

Question 3

The cell membrane is made up of two layers of _____ and a variety of ______ ______ are embedded throughout it.

Answer 3

Lipids, Protein Molecules.

Question 4

What are gatekeeper proteins?

Answer 4

Gatekeeper proteins open and close a gate allowing proteins to move through the membrane. Also known as facility diffusion, which allows materials through more quickly then regular diffusion because it doesn’t use the cells energy.

Question 5

What are hormone receptor proteins?

Answer 5

Receptor proteins attach to hormones on the membrane and pass the chemical message to the cell. Hormones have a special shape the fits perfectly into the receptors on the membrane.

Question 6

What are Identification proteins?

Answer 6

Identification proteins recognize the type of nearby cell. If the cell is not recognized it may be attached by the immune system.

Question 7

What are carrier proteins?

Answer 7

Carrier proteins receive energy and then
capture specific molecules to move either into or out of the cell.

Question 8

What is passive transport?

Answer 8

The movement of nutrients through the membrane without using energy.

Question 9

What are the three man ways of passive transport?

Answer 9

Diffusion, Osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Question 10

What is diffusion?

Answer 10

Diffusion occurs when there is an unequal concentration of molecules. The molecules go from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until there is an equilibrium

Question 11

What is osmosis?

Answer 11

is the diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is
permeable to water, but impermeable to the larger
molecules. Water diffuses from an area of high water
concentration to an area of lower water concentration
until the equilibrium between water and solute is reached.

Question 12

Isotonic

Answer 12

concentration of souls is equal

Question 13

Hypotonic

Answer 13

concentration of solutes is less outside then inside

Question 14

Hypertonic

Answer 14

concentration of solutes is more outside then inside

Question 15

facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

faster then regular diffusion, involves a carrier protein, does not require energy.

Question 16

what is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

what is active transport?

Answer 17

active transport is the movement of materials from an area of low concentration to high concentration using energy.

Question 18

endocytosis

Answer 18

when the cell engulfed large particles by extending its cytoplasm.

Question 19

pinocytosis

Answer 19

occurs when the cell engulfs liquid particles

Question 20

phagocytosis

Answer 20

occurs when the cells engulfs large molecules or even whole cells.

Question 21

exocytosis

Answer 21

moment of large particles exiting the cell. small vesicles break of the Golgi body and fuse to the membrane allowing them to leave

Question 22

homeostasis

Answer 22

the internal environment of the organisms stays the same even when the external environment changes.

Question 23

channel proteins

Answer 23

allow different shaped particles to pass through

Question 24

carrier proteins

Answer 24

only allow specifically shipped particles to pass through.

Question 25

gate proteins

Answer 25

particles attach to the protein which opens the gate allowing the particle to pass through

Question 26

cholesterol

Answer 26

allows cell membranes to function in a wide range of temperatures. at low temps it keeps it rigid and high temps it keeps it flexible.

Question 27

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 27

a two layer membrane hydrophobic tails pointing inward. hydrophilic heads pointing outward.

Question 28

carbohydrate chain

Answer 28

provide unique fingerprints for the cell

Question 29

integral protein

Answer 29

contains protein channels for molecules to pass through

Question 30

peripheral protein

Answer 30

a protein found on only one side of the bilayer.