Test 2

Question 1

1. Infective endocarditis causes

Answer 1

• Needle use (tattoo, piercing,medical use)
• Dental visit (need good dental care)
• Pacemaker
• Strep throat/Seth (infectious endocarditis)

Question 2

1. Infective endocarditis manifestation

Answer 2

• Splinter Hemorrhage (finger nails)
  • Osler’s Nodes (hands)
  • Roth Spots (eye)
  • Janeway lesion

Question 3

1. Infective endocarditis complications

Answer 3

• Stroke / PE
  • Enlarged Spleen Spleenmeglay

Question 4

1. Infective endocarditis client education for home care

Answer 4

• Monitor infection
• Good oral care ( brush 2x a day, no flossing), dental visit
• Let all provider know of hx of endocarditis (pxx antibiotics)
• Central line care (sterile technique)
• Complete antibiotics treatment

Question 5

1. Infective endocarditis diagnostic test

Answer 5

• Cultures
• Echo
• CBC
• Sed rate

Question 6

2. DVT preventions

Answer 6

• ROM & passive motion
• Increase fluids
• Compression Socks

Question 7

3. DVT Manifestations

Answer 7

• Sudden SOB
• Chest pain/discomfort that worsens when taking a deep breath or when you cough
• Feeling lightheaded or dizzy
• Fainting
• Rapid breathing
• Coughing up blood
- rapid pulse

Question 8

4. DVT complications

Answer 8

• PE

Question 9

5. Paradoxical BP expectations

Answer 9

• 10mm decreases in systolic pressure

Question 10

6. Know normal PT value.

Answer 10

10-12 seconds or 11-12.5
1.5 - 2.0 x the normal value (on heparin therapy)
2-3 for INR

Question 11

7. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic carditis pt. education

Answer 11

History of this ^
• Inform all your providers (given prophylactic antibiotics)
• Any types of surgery, make sure a good sterile technique to decrease the risk for bacteria (good hand washing)
• Bed Rest

Question 12

8. Myocarditis nursing interventions

Answer 12

• Treat the underlying cause and prevent complications
• Antibiotics are prescribed
• Bed Rest
• Sodium restricted diet
• Cardio tonic drugs (diuretic, beta blockers, ace inhibitors, and ARBs)to prevent or treat HF
• Corticosteroids (used to treat viral myocarditis)

Question 13

9. Pericarditis manifestations

Answer 13

Manifestations

-mid chest pain increase with movement

• Friction rub (grating, harsh sounding) and Fever
• Radiating subaternal pain to left shoulder, neck, back
• Chest pain “stabbing” (increase with movement)very painful
• Trouble breathing lying down
• Inspiration or coughing causes pain
• Overall feeling sick & weak
• Noticeable ST segment elevation

Question 14

9. Pericarditis complication

Answer 14

• Percardial effusion is extra fluid it can lead to cardiac tamponade
(Pericardial Effusion often after trauma too much fluid in sac)

Question 15

10. Cardiac catheter education PRE

Answer 15

• NPO 8 hours or more
• Assess allergies to iodine or shellfish
• Assess kidney function (Creatine and BUN)
• Assess and mark their distal pulses (dorsal pedal, posterior tibal)

Question 16

10. Cardiac catheter education POST

Answer 16

• Check the insertion site in the femoral artery for bleeding
• Check distal to the insertion site(pulse, capillary refill, color, and temperature) for good blood flow
• Vital Signs every 15 minutes for the first hour(4x) then after every 1 hour for 4 hours
• Increase intake of fluid (to flush out the dye)
• Lay flat 4-6 hours
• Report any pain, tingling or numbness in the insertion site

Question 17

10. Transthoracic echocardiography education

Answer 17

• Explain is NON invasive and can take up to 1 hours
• Instruct the client to lie supine and remain still and migh be asked to turn on their left side or hold their breath

Question 18

11. Cardiomyopathy nursing interventions

Answer 18

• High flowers

Question 19

11. Cardiomyopathy client education

Answer 19

• Achieve a healthy weight limiting sodium to reduce fluid retention, and avoiding beverages containing caffeine, which contributes to tachycardia.
• Stop using tobacco
• Stay within your level of exercise tolerance or stop activity immediately if dyspnea or chest pain develops.
• Restrict driving or operating equipment if syncope is a common symptom.
• Keep appointments for medical follow-up to evaluate
• Receive the pneumonia vaccine and yearly influenza vaccinations
• For female clients, seek co-consultation with a cardiologist and an obstetrician if pregnancy is desired.

Question 20

11. Cardiomyopathy assessment

Answer 20

• Ask if any family died unexpectedly

Question 21

12. Buerger’s disease nursing interventions

Answer 21

• Smoking History and review of symptoms and how long they have been present
• History the client description of the type and degree of pain and factors that increases or decrease it
• Assess affected areas (for redness, swelling, color changes like cyanosis or mottling)
• Inspect the nails and skin for changes
• Assess temperature (Above and below affected areas)
• Monitor presence and quality of peripheral pulses
• Assess capillary refill
• Meticulous ound care if ulcer present

Question 22

12. Buerger’s disease client education

Answer 22

• The nurse teaches the client self-care techniques and stresses the importance of SMOKING CESSATION

Question 23

13. Clients at risk for effusion

Answer 23

• Pericarditis

Question 24

14. Cardiac tamponade manifestations

Answer 24

Too much fluids fills around heart “pericardial sac”
• Pulses paradoxus (during inspiration pharse there us a >10mmhg drop in systolic BP)
• JVD with clear lungs
• Heart sounds muffles (bluidup if fluid in the heart)
• Tachycardia and Hypotension