Test 2 Flashcards
is ignoring the patient proper patient care?
no
urination assistance for patients that can stand/walk
assist pt to bathroom
provide privacy
remain nearby
patients who think they can stand but are a fall risk who is responsible for that patient
technologist who is caring for pt
what device do we use for pt who cannot walk/stand for urinary assistance
bed pan
(types: regular and fracture)
male or female urinals
does a technologist insert a catheter
unlikely most of the time pt comes with it in already
which radiology exams use a catheter
cystograms and VCUG
types of catheter
figure 22.4
what level to keep urinary bag
below level of waist
care at catheter insertion
inspect area for irritations then contact nurse
technologist procedures if urinary bag is full
notify the nurse
document amount in bag
drain and dispose
close the tube
defecation
elimination of bowel waste
do we monitor/document bowel elimination
yes
devices to use for bowel elimination
bed pan –> patient who cannot move at all
try for bedside toilet
ostomy
Artificial opening
stoma
site of opening
ileostomy
opening in ileum
colostomy
opening in the colon
technologist responsibility during:
ostomy enema
remove bad and insert catheter into the stoma
technologist responsibility during
bag care in department
basic clean up but contact nurse
when would we encounter a patient having a heat or cold treatment
emergency
post op
inpatient
walk in (urgent care, outpatient)
what happens if a patient ask what they should do
be careful not to give medical advice contrary to their physician
heat benefits
vasodilation (increases blood flow)
increases metabolism, antibodies, and white blood cells
heat problems
reduces blood flow in other areas –> watch for increased pulse, dizziness, sob
left on too long can restrict blood flow
erythema, tenderness, blistering
cold benefits
vasoconstriction (decrease blood flow)
reduces swelling if placed shortly after injury
numbs pain
cold problems
shivering
can cause numbness
freezing/frostbite
moist compress
warm cloth or gauze
keep covered to reduce evaporation
type of heat therapies
moist compress
soaks
aquathermia
dry heat
types of soaks
whirlpools –> 105-110F
paraffin –> not to exceed 130
types of cold therapy
cold compress
ice bags/collars
cold compress
place a thin towel between skin and compress
approx 20 mins at 59
wound
injury involving a break in the skin
a type of portal of entry
wound healing phases
hemostasis
inflammation
reconstruction
maturation
hemostasis
clot formation
inflammation
erythema, heat, edema, leukocytes
reconstruction
collagen formation
maturation
keloid (scar) formation
wound appearances
serous (watery and mostly clear)
purulent (thick and not red colors, infectious)
serosanguineous (watery and red)
sanguineous (bright red, active bleeding)
if you notice a wound
tech should report concerns
drainage
removal of fluids from a body cavity or wound
types of drainage
exudate
close drainage
open drainage
exudate
fluid, cells, or other substances from cells or blood
closed drainage
airtight tubing
ex. jackson-pratt, hemovac
open drainage
open ended tubing
ex. penrose
pressure ulcers
pressure causes blood vessels to collapse
delay blood flow causing ischemia then necrosis
stages of pressure ulcers
stage 1: in tact skin without blanching
stage 2: shallow open ulcer
stage 3: open ulcer with possible visualization of subcutaneous fat
stage 4: open ulcer with visualization of bone, tendon, or muscle
pain
5th vital sign
influences patient behavior
is pain subjective?
yes, believe the patient by actively listening
noninvasive techniques
decrease the patient’s perception of pain
table 8.1 p.117
invasive techniques
Anything that enters the body
nerve blocks, epidurals
drugs
simple interventions
page 119
sleep cycle
non-rapid eye movement
rapid eye movement
average 4-6 cycles per night
non rapid eye movement
4 stages
body tissue restoration and healthy cardiac function
rapid eye movement
brain and cognitive restoration
sleep importance
gives time for body repair and recovery
sleep disruptions in hospital
other factors affect sleep
age considerations
if tech needs to disrupt sleep
be empathetic
be polite
be efficient
be aware (report anything unusual)
rules for emergency
stay calm
assess the situation
obtain as much info as possible and determine what to do
tell/get someone
how to stay calm in emergency situations
reassure the patient and provide comfort (physical and emotional)
syncope
sudden drop in BP = temporary LOC
what to do if syncope occurs
call for help
loosen tight clothes
measure vitals
ask questions to measure cognition when consciousness is regained (where, who)
DOCUMENT
when does syncope occur
during/after procedure when standing
unresponsive
could be seen when performing a portable
determine level of consciousness
if no response –> call for help, assess breathing and pulse
DOCUMENT
if no breathing and pulse
if absent –> start CPR –> unless it is DNR
get AED and apply
seizures
call for help
protection patient from hurting themselves
DOCUMENT
what not to do during seizures
do not hold patient
put something in their mouth
once seizure ends
Assess LOC
roll patient to recovery position
legal and ethical issues
stay within scope of practice
do something minimally –> call for help
good samaritan laws
how a tech stays within scope of practice
tech cannot administer medication
tech can do CPR
good samaritan laws
vary by state
applies to emergencies outside workplace
curative treatment
patient is in good physical health and main intent is to fully resolve the illness and bring patient back to their status of health before the illness presented
aggressive care
gaol and intent is curing the disease and prolonging life at all cost
palliative care
active, complete care of a patient whose disease has not responded to curative therapy
goal of palliative care
emphasizes control of pain, relief of symptoms and provision of psychologic social and spiritual assistance
relieve pain and distress and control symptoms of the disease
point of palliative care
bridge between curative care and hospice
terminal illness
disease in an advanced stage with no known cure and poor prognosis
conditions of terminal illness
pt has less than 6 months to live
no life support measures will be performed
goals for pt with terminal illness
maximize the quality of life and keep the patient as comfortable as possible
primary hospice team
volunteer coordinator
bereavement coordinator
first hospice in US
1971
medicare hospice benefit
1983
services are reimbursable
history of hospice
dame cicely saunders in 1960s
devoted her life to improving pain management and symptom control for people who were dying
opened in london in 1968
3 needs of dying pt
love and affection
control of pain
preservation of dignity and self worth
dying patient symptoms
slow weak thready pulse
lowered blood pressure
rapid shallow irregular or slow respirations
touch sensation diminishes
pupils are dilated and fixed
skin is cool and clammy
