Test 2

Question 1

Sexuality in prehistory

Answer 1

worship of women’s fertility
After becoming farmers, start to worship the penis
Incest is a taboo

Question 2

Mesopotamia

Answer 2

Fertility cults
positive attitudes towards sex
few restrictions, except adultery

Question 3

Ancient Hebrews

Answer 3

restrictive laws
marital sex joyful and encouraged
circumcision
women were seen as temptresses

Question 4

Ancient greece

Answer 4

Bisexuality
Pederasty -love of boys
women low status

Question 5

Ancient rome

Answer 5

upper class had many sexual excesses
sex for procreation only
women low status

Question 6

early christians

Answer 6

celibacy ideal
sex for procreation only
children born of sin

Question 7

Middle ages

Answer 7

sex sinful
missionary position only
protestant reformation 1500s, sex within marriage was ok and pleasure ok if side effect of procreation.

Question 8

Victorian era

Answer 8

conservative clothing
euphemisms for anything relating to sex
Believed men had sex drive and women didn’t
Masturbation was bad for health

Question 9

Late victorianism

Answer 9

industrial revolution = change in m-f roles
feminist movement
sexuality = legitimate area of study

Question 10

Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Answer 10

sexual deviance
his own view was distorted, saw sex as a fearsome thing
thought women had no sexual drive
sexual deviance was seen as a treatable medical condition

Question 11

Henry Havelock Ellis

Answer 11

sexual desire in women was natural
masturbation was common
should have sex ed
no one norm for sexuality

Question 12

Sigmund Freud

Answer 12

sex drive was a major motivating force
repressing desire led to depression and anxiety
unconscious desires

Question 13

Sexual revolution

Answer 13

Brought on by the pill, but had an increase in stis

Question 14

Case study

Answer 14

Individual/small groups for a long period of time

Question 15

Advantages of case study

Answer 15

get to know subject very well
sometimes only way to discover things

Question 16

Disadvantages of case study

Answer 16

people studied may not be typical
interviewer bias

Question 17

Surveys

Answer 17

questionnaires or interviews
goal: generalizing about population
anonymity -> more truthful results

Question 18

Advantages of surveys

Answer 18

cheap and fast
sample is large and representative, leads to good data

Question 19

Disadvantages of surveys

Answer 19

inaccurate answers/bad memory/lying
volunteer bias
statistics can be misleading -> correlation

Question 20

Observational methods

Answer 20

naturalistic observation, in the field

Question 21

Limitations of observational studies

Answer 21

observer effect: being watched might change behaviour
bias of researcher
volunteer bias
might respond differently in a lab setting
monitoring devices affect responses

Question 22

Sexuality in infancy

Answer 22

“Masturbation” typical
Sex play, to explore

Question 23

Sexuality in early childhood

Answer 23

heterosexual behaviour: kissing
homosexual: playing doctor

Question 24

Sexuality in preadolescence

Answer 24

close friendship with same gender
usually dislike other gender
self-conscious about bodies
Masturbation = primary means of achieving orgasm

Question 25

Girls puberty

Answer 25

First period(menarche)
estrogen secreted, growth of breasts, uterus and thickening of vaginal walls
Testosteron secreted, pubic and underarm hair
estrogen levels cyclical -> menstrual cycle

Question 26

Boys puberty

Answer 26

testosterone -> growth of male genitals, secondary sex characteristics
By age 13, erections become frequent
Sperm not mature until 1 year after first ejaculation

Question 27

Sexuality in adolescences

Answer 27

Masturbation = major sexual outlet
Early dating leads to earlier sexual activity, but less likely to use contraception and more likely to get unwanted pregnancy

Question 28

Sexual behaviors in adolescents

Answer 28

petting(foreplay)
oral sex increase 3fold since kinsey’s time
birth control

Question 29

Reasons for pre marital intercourse

Answer 29

sex hormones
curiosity
love partner
to punish/rebel against parents
peer pressure

Question 30

factors determining if having PMI

Answer 30

Family influence: decrease
Fear of getting caught: decrease
Academic goals: decrease
child of separated parents: increase
permissive parents: increase
bad communication with parents: increase
good communication with parents: decrease

Question 31

Use of contraception in teens

Answer 31

girls who have more sex are more likely to use contraception
younger teen boys use condoms more than older teens
all teens are less likely to use bc if poor family relationship and poor performance in school

Question 32

Celibacy

Answer 32

complete sexual abstinence
reasons:
-focus energy on career goals
-sex outside marriage = immoral
-fear of stis

Question 33

cohabitation

Answer 33

living together without being married
beliefs: help iron out kinks in the relationship
does the opposite, leads to higher rates of divorce

Question 34

PMI Difference between dads and adolescents

Answer 34

sexually active teens started earlier, but same number of non-virgins

Question 35

PMI difference between great grandmas, mom and adolescent girls

Answer 35

mini-sexual revolution between great grannies and moms

Question 36

PMI university students

Answer 36

sexual revolution in Canada, around same time as US. Result: smaller difference in PMI

Question 37

Alfred Kinsey

Answer 37

First large scale sexual study
conducted surveys on a large population of US citizens

Question 38

Kinsey’s steps to guard against lying/innacuracy

Answer 38

1: straightforward questions
2: ask when first done behaviour
3:rapid questions = no time to think up lie
4: re interview after 2 years, and compare to spouse report

Question 39

Issues with Kinsey’s research

Answer 39

Not a representative sample
volunteer bias
kinsey reported behaviour only

Question 40

Criticism of kinsey

Answer 40

Over-representation of non-“normal” sexual activity
not taking into account feelings
Journal of pedophile

Question 41

Kinseys findings

Answer 41

Anal sex was practiced 11%
Bisexuality: 46% of men, 6-14% of women
Masturbation: very common in M and W