Test 2 Flashcards

Question

experimental group

Answer 1

the group of participants that are exposed to the independent variable. in this group we expose participants to our manipulation and predict that the independent variable will have an INTERRSTING effect on the dependent variable this is the reason for the experiment, to study of the depdnet variable will be impacted eg; SWEARING GROUP

Answer 2

the group of participants not exposed to the indnepeent variable that allows us to establish a baseline for comparisons. we COMPARE the results of the experimental group to see id there was a real effect on the independent variable or not. eg; DIDN'T SWEAR

Answer 3

Participants should be "blinded" meaning they are unaware of the full details of what the study hopes to prove and which group they are in experimental group or control group. As such, people are less likely to behave in ways consistent with their expectations of the study

Answer 4

someone who is "in on it" not someone you give the cover storey to

Answer 5

PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH some times called the PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH

Answer 6

conscious Preconcious Unconscious

Answer 7

materials that we are WELL AWARE OF smallest part, everyday acceptable desires eg "I am hungry"

Answer 8

Material that is not the focus of conscious attention, but can easily be BROUGHT to the conscious mind Memories, stored knowledge. You aren't always thinking past thoughts but you can go get it eg childhood pets

Answer 9

Material that is NOT AVAILABLE to the conscious Biggest Part, Unacceptable agression and unacceptable sexual desires

Answer 10

The psychodynamic approach attempts to explain behaviors by focusing on the unconscious determinants, suggesting that our behavior is NOT ALWAYS RATIONAL for example they way you chose who you want to marry will include rational reasons like they are smart funny or rich but out there are also other reasons (unconscious determinants) like they remind you of mom/dad

Answer 11

oedipus complex, freud suggests that we all have a group of largely unconscious feelings that center around the desire to possess the parent of the OPPOSITE SEX and eliminate the parent of the SAME SEX (electra complex for girls)

Answer 12

Freud suggested that we have forces called defence mechanisms that work Constantly behind the scenes to keep unacceptable feelings from UPSETTING US. For example, we may bottle up feelings and vanish him to the unconscious using repression

Answer 13

Defence mechanisms were viewed as normal and helpful in our everyday lives, however, Freud thought that if they got out of proportion PERSONAL and MENTAL problems would occur

Answer 14

psychoanalysis dreams freudian slip

Answer 15

Freud proposed a treatment called PSYCHOANALYSIS in which patients TALK about their thoughts feelings, and fantasies to help unearth unconscious conflicts. this process involves a person being placed and encouraged 2 let their mind roam freely. then the psychoanalyst uses these fragments to assemble a complete picture

Answer 16

freud also believed in using dream analysis to gain insight into the UNCONSCIOUS he suggests that although the actual STORYLINE of a dream, called MANIFEST CONTENT, often appears to have no meaning, with dream analysis we can figure out LATENT CONTENT, that is, the underlying meaning of the dream, possibly revealing important unconscious feelings or conflicts.

Answer 17

Finally freud proposed that our unconscious vfeelings may just "slip out" by accident. often though as a slip of the tongue

Answer 18

Id Superego Ego

Answer 19

Operates on the "pleasure principle". it only takes into account WHAT IT WANTS disregarding all rules of consequences eg: go 2 party, have sex and drink beer

Answer 20

Operates on the "moral principle". It pushes for ethical behaviour, often UNREALISTIC. Eg; Never go to parties go 2 bed at 6pm

Answer 21

Operates on the "reality principle" to let us please the ID in reasonable ways. Its job is to BALANCE the needs of the Id and Superego. Eg; ok go to party but back at 11 for the test tomorrow.

Answer 22

- People eat 53% more with big bucket RATIONAL REASONS - hunger - taste UNCONCIOUS DETERMINANTS - Size of container

Answer 23

Theories may be mostly disproved and used bad methodology but created space 2 discuss psychological ideas and created the vocabulary 2 discuss these ideas

Answer 24

In sum, Freud's psychodynamic approach fundamentally changed our view of the mind by preposing that it has more than one "LEVEL" and that our behaviour is not always rational, notions that modern psychology supports. Freud's idea of talking to a professional in order to help resolve our problems (psychoanalysis) revolutionized the filed of mental health However, Freud's ideas were based on SCIENTIFIC research and numerous specific theories (such as the oedipus complex, existence of three distinct components of the "psyche" etc) have been rejected.

Answer 25

The biological approach to psychology uses knowledge about underlying physiology to explain behaviour and mental processes. Thus, the focus is on Biological Factors such as the brain, neurotransmitters, genes, hormones, etc.

Answer 26

no, would not be evolutionary sound to have so many idle cells especially since they 'cost' so much energy to run

Answer 27

In the early 1800s, a doctor named Franz Gall became very interested in studying a part of the brain known as the CEREBRAL CORTEX, which is the OUTER part of the brain. In humans, the cerebral cortex is highly convoluted (wrinkled) containing many GYRI (bulges in the cortex) and SULCI (groves in the cortex). these wrinkles allow for more cortex to fit into the skull. Gall suspected that humans bigger cortex provides added PROCESSING POWER to allow for the complex thinking that we have compared to animals In this way certain bumps in certain locations would mean certain things eg: bump in front of the eye memory

Answer 28

No years after the popularisation of phrenology it was discovered that two areas in the left side if the cerebral cortex were responsible for particular functions Broca ans Wernicke Discovering the function of specific brain areas such as Broca's an Wernicke's area provided concrete proof that gulls ideas about phrenology or inaccurate

Answer 29

Broca's area initiates the MOVEMENT needed for speech with damage to this area, we know what we want to say, but have a hard time actually producing the words and phrases. makes it very laborious to talk need to take lots of brakes very slow

Answer 30

Wernicke's area involved in UNDERSTANDING language with damage to this area, we have no trouble producing speech, but it is largely meaningless. Fluid speech, intonation, blurred meaning.

Answer 31

Occipital Parietal Frontal Temporal

Answer 32

Occipital lobe: contains the primary visual cortex, which receives and processes light information from the eyes allowing us to see

Answer 33

Parietal lobe: contains the primary somatosensory cortex which is responsible for processing information from the skin pressure/ temperature/ pain to allowing us touch the somatosensory cortex has its own map of the body which is called a homunculus. the bigger a body part is on the map, the more sensitive to touch it will be. This is due to the fact that the brain is devoting extra processing power to that region of the body.

Answer 34

Temporal lobe contains the primary auditory cortex, which receives and processes sound information from the ears allowing us to hear

Answer 35

Frontal lobe contains the primary motor cortex which controls the movements of our muscles to control and execute movement, the primary motor cortex has a homunculus similar to one in the somatosensory cortex. parts with more representation in the motor cortex are capable of very precise movements, again due to added processing power.

Answer 36

parietal lobe and frontal

Answer 37

Mcgurk Effect: "Fa" and "Ba" same sound waves yet sound different both these functions happen in different lobes so the lobes must work together thus making them Interdependent. in short, although the lobes might have distinct functions, research indicates they do not work alone. each lobe also has areas or "associated cortex"that help us integrate information form other lobes

Answer 38

bulges in cortex

Answer 39

grooves in cortex

Answer 40

the cerebra cortex is divided down the middle into thr left and right hemispheres

Answer 41

Most connections between the body and cerebral cortex are CONTRALATERAL, which means that they crisscross. Thus, the left side of the body is wired to the right hemisphere and the right side of the body is wired to the left hemisphere eg: if you want to move your left hand the process will occur in the right hemisphere

Answer 42

when staring straight ahead, processing of visual information is also contralateral

Answer 43

the ONLY point of connection bewtween the two hemispheres is the CORPUS CALLOSUM, a group of millions of axons that exchanges information across the left and right hemispheres.

Answer 44

slept brain parents are people who do not have a corpus callosum. Therefore, the two halves of the cortex CANNOT COMMUNICATE with one an another when done on monkeys there was no behaviour change but things that were seen or done by one half of the body had ro be relined by the other cine one could not tell the other. they had comnpetlyy separate memories

Answer 45

certain parts of the brain are better at different tasks so in a split btainb patient one hand might be drastically better at say solving a puzzle than the other if both hands are used at the same time they will scale like tow different people

Answer 46

the left hemisphere. in this case split brain patients asked "what did you see?" they can easily respond to the question (no different from a "normal" individual"

Answer 47

right hemisphere in this case when a split brain patient is asked "what did you see?" they they cannot tell us. this is because language is predominantly in the left hemisphere. since there is no connection between the two the right hemisphere (which processed the visual information about the object, thus knows what the object is) has no access to words to express what the patient saw they can however join tot the object with their left hand since the right hemisphere (which processed the visual information about the object, thus knows what the object is) controls the muscles in the left hand.