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C &C > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The visual appearance of chromosomes in the nuclei

A

Kayotype(1)

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2
Q

the study of genes and their functions and related techniques. All genes and their inter relationships to identify the growth development of the organism

A

Genomics (1)

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3
Q

The study of heredity function and composition of the single genes

A

gentics (1)

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4
Q

between Turner and Klinefleters syndrome which is monosamy x and which is triosomy xxy

A

Turner= monosamy x

Klinefleters sydnrome =triosomy xxy(2)

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5
Q

This syndrome is characterized when an “x” is absent (webbed thick neck, candiac prob, widespread nipples

A

Turner syndrome (2)

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

The release of egg (4)

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7
Q

Gamete

A

(egg & sperm formation)

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8
Q

fetilization

A

union of gametes

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9
Q

How much iron should be consumed

A

30 mg/day

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10
Q

liver, meats, whole grain, deep green leafy vegetables, legumes, dried fruit are all considered apart of this essential nutrient in food

A

Iron

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11
Q

fortified cereals & grain, green leafy vegetable, oranges, broccoli, asparagus, artichokes, & liver)

A

Folic acid foods

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12
Q

400-600 mg/day of this should be taken to prevent nuro tube defects in pregnancy

A

Folic Acid dosage

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13
Q

Mitotic replication begins as zygote travels the uterine tube this is called

A

cleavage (6)

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14
Q

How many days, luna months, calender months and wks is pregancacy

A 
appox
 280 days
10 Lunal months
9 calendar
40 wekks
[6]
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15
Q

what is this stage of interuterine development 1st 14 days)

A

Ovum or Preembryonic [6]

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16
Q

what is this stage of interuterine development 15 days to8 wks

A

embryo [6]

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17
Q

hat is this stage of interuterine development 8 weeks until birth

A

fetus [6]

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18
Q

____cm from crown to rump or or 15 days to 8 weeks is which phase of intrauterine development

A

Embroyo and 3 cm from crown to rump [6]

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19
Q

What is the most critical and vuneralbe stage to fetal development & when are people recognized as people

A

critical: embryo
Peps: 8 wks all organs and external structure are present [6]

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20
Q

How many arteries and veins does the umblical cord have and how long is it? Remember The cord is usually located centrally with the blood vessels fanned out to all parts of the placenta

A 
Arteries 2 (carry blood from the embryo) right
veins 1 (carry blood to embryo) left
55 cm at therm (7)
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21
Q

This prevents compression of vessels

A

Whartons Jelly (which is loose mesenchyme with intercellular ground substance )

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22
Q

This is a Functional unit of utero placenta circulation. Exchange of gases & nutrients across these vascular systems. There are__-___ of them and by day __________ this is in circulation and what else is happening.

A

The 15-20 cotyledons of teh placenta by 17 heart beats as well

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23
Q

During this period of refinement of structure the womb child matures and is less vuneralbe to tetrogens except those affecting ______

A

the CNS

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24
Q

what are the days and weeks of the following periods in a womb childs development: Ovum or pre-embroyotic, embryo, fetus

A

Ovum day 1-14
Embryo day 15- 8 or 9 weeks
Fetus 8 or 9 weeks until birth

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25
Q

what is EDC

A

Estimated Date of Confinement

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26
Q

What is EDD

A

Estimated date of delivery

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27
Q

What is EDB

A

Estimated date of birth

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28
Q

Based on a 28 day cyclewith conception on 14thday this EDC is discovered by taking the first day of the LMP and subtracting 3 months then adding 7 days and a year

A

Nagele’s Rule

you can also add 9 months and 7 days

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29
Q

Nagele’s Rule is Based on a ____day cycle the EDC is discovered by taking the__ day of the LMP and subtracting ___ months then adding ___ days and _______

A 
28 day with conception on 14 day
1st day of LMP
3 months
7 days 
One year
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30
Q

what is Goodell sign?

A

Cervical softening (Cervice like service is good-hey)

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31
Q

What is chadwicks sign

A

When vaginal mucousa is a bluish color b/c of increased vascularity

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32
Q

Pigment change or “line negra” is a ____indicator of pregnancy bellybutton to labia

A

probable

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33
Q

what is the hormone that may pregnancy

A

HCG Human chorionic gonadtropin ( 8 days after concpetion max level at 50to 70 days

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34
Q

What is ballotment

A

Rebound of the fetus against examiner hand

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35
Q

The rushing of blood through the uterus to the placenta is called

A

Uterine soufflee.

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36
Q

what is Gravididty “GRAVA”

A

This term refers to pregnancy in general think Grava big like grande

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37
Q

Paritity “para’

A

of pregnancy that reached viablity (AKA 20 wks)

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38
Q

If rubella titers is less than __:____ (negative) immunize within ________wks after devlieray

A

1:10

six weeks

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39
Q

Which of the following is not considered apart of the TORCH screening for infections
a. toxoplmosis f. TB
b. Rubella g. cytomeglo virus
C. Measals h. Mumps
d.Varicella I. Group beta streptococcus
e. Hepatitis J. Herpes simplex 1

A 
D. Varicella
F. TB
H. Mumps
Maybe I
J. Herpes simplex 1 because it is type 2of HSV
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40
Q

what does torch stand for

A 
T: toxoplamos
R: rubella
O: other infections
C: cytomegloviurs
H: herpes simplex-2
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41
Q

What is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis

A

Group beta streptococuss
early onset: first seven days ussualy w/in 24 hr
Late onset: 1 wk-3months ussualy 24 days

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42
Q

what is the main cause of fetal and neonatla health problems

A

Congential anomalis. b/t nicu helps survival rates babes <1500g.

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43
Q

what is the only test that can evaluate fetal compromise before intrauterine asphyxia and

A

No test it’s a joint number of tests

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44
Q

IF there is a suspciious/ __________ response to EFM

A

suspecious/equivocal, do AFI , coninue for 20 -60 min, repeat if necssary

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45
Q

If there a pathological/_____ response EFM what action should be taken?

A

COnsider delivery for abnormal/pathological response, contine for 20-60 min, biophyscial profile

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46
Q

If there is a reassuring/________ resposne to EFM

A

Normal/reasurring Do AFIand or repeat and afi weekly or more often

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47
Q

Give the equation for the mean arteirial pressure. IF it is over _______ then this in considered Preeclampsia. This is based on ___measuremetns

A

Systolic +2 (diastolic) all divided by 3

based on 2 measurements

48
Q

Proteneruia is when it is _______mg/dl in 2 random urnie speciments or more than ______ mg/dl in a 24 hr period

A

30 mg/dl in two randoms

300 in 24 hr period

49
Q

In trainsiet hypertension bp returns to normal ____ wks after delivery

A

12 weeks

50
Q

What is severe and normal preeclampsia

A 
severe preeclampsia 160/110 
preeclampsia 140/90
OR
 mAP mean arterial pressure of 105 or up
OR 
30 mmg over baseline systolic
and 15 mmg over basline diastolic
51
Q

What is protenuria for sever preeclampsia

A

seever is greater than 5g with 160/110

oliguria, altered loc, ha viusal probs ru liver epigastric pain

52
Q

When hypertension is present in pregnancy before 20 weeks gestatation it is considered

A

Chronic hypertension

53
Q

when does an L/S ratio indicate mature fetal lungs

A

> 2 mg/dl

54
Q

When does creatinine levels indicate gestational age of 37 weeks

A

> 2 mg/dl

55
Q

When high this indicates neuro tube defects

what is it and what does it indicate when low

A

AFP (Alpha-fetoprotien)

Low =down syndrome

56
Q

When is an AFP conducted on maternal blood

A

4-8 weeks in

57
Q

_______ most common medical complication of pregnancy Incidence 5-8% of all pregnancy not terminated in 1st trimester

A

Hypertension

58
Q

Pregers should lay on ____, bedrest for ____hrs and not ave a wt gain of _____kg/wk

A

left side lay, 12hrs bed rest, 2kg/wk

59
Q

Magnesiium sulfate & ______ are given to encourage utrerus contractions also given during PIH. IT helps reduce muscle irrability so decreases chance of seizure doesn’t lower bp

A

oxytocin

60
Q

what is mag suflfate loading dose, then normal dosage , therapuetic level and how ofetn should it be checked, lso be checked when on thwhat should ais med
“feel miserable on this med”

A 
Loading dose 4-6g over 15-30 min
Therapeutic 4-8, 
normal 1-2g/hr
check Every 2 hrs acutally every 4-6 hrs
Check also deep tendeon relfexes b/c if high then chance for deep tendon reflex
61
Q

Maternal age __ are risk factors for PIH

A

19, 40

62
Q

H/A severe epigastric pain (liver involvement) and hypereflexia are occuring what might this be indicateive of in a patient with severe preeclampsia.

A

Eclampisa

63
Q

when Ovum implants outside ___ cavity this is an ectopic pregnancy. accounting for 2% of all pregenancy. Where are the locatiosn at
percents of 953-, 4, 1

A

Uterine cavitiy
Uterine tube 95%
Abdominal 3-4%
Other (ovary & cervix) 1%

64
Q

what accounts for 10% of all maternal deaths and is the

Leading cause of infertility

A

ectopic pregnancy

65
Q

At 16 weeks gestation. 41 yr Laine presents to her doctors office. She has a blood pressure of 143/92. She complains of N/v and abdominal cramps. She is measuring large fro her pregneancy and has experienced some vaginal bleeding. An HCG titer is drawn and remains as high as it did for the first test. IT should hav dropped within 70-100 days. What is likely wrong with her.

A

Laine symptoms suggest a molar pregnancy aka Hydatidiform MoleGestational Trophoblastic Disease. She is also at risk now for to choriocarcinoma or PE which both occur within 20 percent of pregnancies

66
Q

HCG levels that platueo _______times after a molar pregnancy might indicate______including rising titer and inlargeing uterus

A 
3Xs
to choriocarcinoma (rapidly metastasizing malignancy)
67
Q

This is the most common cause of painless bleeding in the ______ trimester of pregnancy. often around teh _____ week.

A

Placenta Previa

3rd trimester about teh 30th week

68
Q

SVD (sponeous vagnal delvery or C/S cesarian section must be perormed if over or under this this percentage on placenta precvia

A

C/S if > than 30% previa

SVD if < 30% previa & mature fetus

69
Q

No vag exams for these two serious conditions of pregancy and vs q 15 for one and 5-15 for the other

A

placenta previa q15

Abruptio Placentae q5-15

70
Q

When the placenta is implatned in the lower uterine segment near or over cercical os this is called?

A

Placenta Previa

71
Q

Urine output should be evaluted not just by 30 mL/hr b/c it’s too general but by

A

1-2ml/kg/hr

72
Q

Detachment of all or part of the placenta from implantation after 20 weeks adn before birth is called

A

Abruptio Placetna

73
Q

Maternal HTN, Cocaine, MVA, maternal battering are all risk factors of

A

Abruptio Placetna

74
Q

Advanced age,multiple fetal prgencacy, previous happening and vag delivary after c section are associated with

A

Placenta Previa

75
Q

a board like abdomen with sharp stabbing pain and shock is associated with.
A. abruptio placenta
B. Placenta Previa
C. ectopic pregnacny

A

A. Yes.
B no bleeding, no pain
C. yes but unilateral cramps, plevic bapin and sharpness, ussually occilt bleed

76
Q

smoking IUD, invitro, congetnail anomiles of tubes, are all high risk factors to what pregie condition

A

Ecptoic pregnancy
IUD b/c slows zygote throug tube
stopping contraceptive prior to pregnacny have decreased risks (unkown why)

77
Q

Is blood pressure and pulse up or down with hyperemesis gravidarum, how much wt loss to meet crieeria

A 
bp=down
pulse=up
wt. Loss 5% with: 
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Ketosis
Acetonuria
78
Q

How long NPO in hyperemisis and what three meds (which for refractory)

A

NPO 48x vomiting free
MEdS. Droperiodol (Inaspine) and Metoclopramide (reglan)
corticosteriods for refractory

79
Q

high levels of estrogen or HCG,
transient hyperthyroidism.
Vitamin B deficiency & increased sensitivity to circulating sex steroid hormones.
Psychological factors may also play a part
are all part of the obscrue etiology of this pregnancy condition

A

Hyperemeiss gravadarium

80
Q

when the Cord lies below the presenting part of fetus mothers pelviso cutting off blood flow
Occult or visable
Cord length > ___cm this can casue ______

A

Prolapsed cord
>100 cm
variable decelerations

81
Q

Fetal bradycardia with variable deceleration during contraction is occuring Cord is seen or felt in or protruding from vagina. What position should be taken? what other actions

A

Trendelenburg, modified sims or knee chest position keeps presenting part off cord
. O2/mask at 8-10 L/min until birth.
Increase IV fluids.
Continuous FHR monitoring.
Immediate vag delivery if fully dilated or C/S if not

82
Q

WHAT 3 position are acceptable for prolapsed cord

A

Trendburg, ; leggs up
modified sims: curled up like
knee chest; butt up in the air

83
Q

Is the prolapsed cord felt above or below presenting part: oftten seen in
Cephalo-pelvic disproportion (CPD)
Placenta previa
Multiparity

A

Below seen in
Cephalo-pelvic disproportion (CPD)
Placenta previa
Multiparity

84
Q

This medicine is given IV to mom immediatlay after birth to prevent AFE (what dose) and what other measure prevetns this

A

Amniotic Fluid emobolism-2o units pitosin or baby goes straight to breast

85
Q

AFE happens when this serrpeates immdieatly or shorty affter delviery and amnioitic c fluide enters circualtion

A

Placenta

86
Q

What are the S& S of AFE. on blood pressure and heart.

A

hypotesnion, tachycardia

87
Q

what is the third and 4th stage of labor.

A

3rd placental

4th postpartum neeed good assemsent for AFE women and babies after

88
Q 
when fetus & placenta have severe edema because of RH incompatility causing 
Pleural & cardiac effusions
Cardiac enlargement
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly 
 this is called
A

Hydrops fetalis

89
Q

RH incompatiablity can occur

A

early as 8 wks gestation or during an can abortion, amniocentesis, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, abdominal trauma, or when the placenta separates during delivery.

90
Q

This is the relationship of the fetal spine to the maternal spine

A

The Lie

91
Q

In this primary lie a baby can be delivered breech or cephalic

A

Logitudial or vertical

92
Q

In this primary lie a vagnial birth is not possible

A

Transverse (horiontal/oblique)

93
Q

what is another name for cephalic presntaion

A

Vertex presentation (shows the head as the presnting part.

94
Q

when is the epidural given

A

1st stage of labor in Active part at about 4 cm. also anglessics at 3-4 cm for multipara and 4-5 cm for nuliparia

95
Q

Distinguish which part of the first stage of labor Marieye is inShe holds tighlty to her husbands hand and asks him not to leave the room. She seems to be thinking inwardsly, and is flushed and has trouble following directions

A 
Active
Moderate – strong contractions
3-6 hours average length
4-7 cm cervical dilation
 contractions last about 30-40 seconds
96
Q

Marieve is irritalbe and vaguely communicates when asked a question. She has some N/V headache and shaking thights which part of the first stage of labor is she in

A 
Transition 
Strong – very strong contractions
20-40 minutes average length
8-10 cm cervical dilation
with duration of 90 sec  and frequency q2-3 min
97
Q

what is average and moderate variablity in FHR

A

moderate6-25
so if below five minimal
, if above 25 marked variablity.
avg 6-10 which is good

98
Q

Marieve is apprehenxive, and alert, she has some brown to pale pink bloody show. What part of the first stage of labor is she in

A

Latent
Mild - moderate regular contractions
6-20 hours (average 8 ½ hours)
0-3 cm cervical dilation

99
Q

This decleration occurs with head compression. It happens during the contraction and is back by the end of the contraction. No compromoise, not interventions

A

Early Decleartion “mirror image”

remember mirror mirrio as a child “early’ in life you watched snow white

100
Q

This decleaarion has impaired placental or unteropalcental sufficeincy. It begins after contractions and retursn after contraction.

A

Late decelerations “late lagas behind a bit”

101
Q

In what stage of labor is thereComplete cervical dilation – delivery of infant
and what are contractions like during this period

A

Contractions: q 2 min, 60-90 sec duration
Crowning: fetal head is visible, urge to push
transition

102
Q

In what stage of labor is thereComplete cervical dilation – delivery of infant
and what are contractions like during this period

A

Contractions: q 2 min, 60-90 sec duration
Crowning: fetal head is visible, urge to push
2nd me thinks

103
Q

What are the fetal descent cardinal moves

A
  1. Descent,
  2. Flexion,
  3. Internal rotation
  4. Extension,
  5. external rotation s 48 look it up
104
Q

20 units of this drug is given after the baby is out

A

pitocin b/c of possible PE also helps stop hemorrahge

105
Q

What involvoes the third & fourth stage of labor

A

seperatin/delivery of placenta-third stage(increased time increased risk of hemorrahge)
postpartum-fourth stage

106
Q

How long does the fourth stage of labor lasts, how about the neonate period

A

fourth stage 28 days post delivery

30 days

107
Q

What is the primary source of pain during the first stage of labor

A

Dilatation of cervix (primary source)
Stretching of lower uterine segment
Pressure on adjacent structure
Hypoxia of uterine muscle cells during contractions

108
Q

what are some causes of pain during the second stage of labor and what methods can be useful

A

Hypoxia of contracting uterine muscles
Distention of vagina & perineum
Pressure on adjacent structures
efflurage and sacral pressue can help

109
Q

Narcotic aren’t given ____hrs b4 delivery or ___-_ cm dialatied

A

4hrs before or 7-8 cm dialted

110
Q

if membrances rupture what should be done first

A

Check Fetal Heart sounds

111
Q

Vital signs for during transition phase and labor in genral form mom and fetus h=should be taken

A 
Monmm q30min
baby q 15 min
Maternal 
V/S q 30 minutes
Position for comfort
Ice chips
Lip balm
Assist with breathing technique
Fetus
FHT q 15 minutes
112
Q

What three known factors can decrease uterine

A

Maternal arterial pressure
conttraction of the uture
maternal supine position

113
Q

direct coombs is for

A

BABY

114
Q

Persistant lochia rubra in early pregenancy might mean

A

retained placental fragments

115
Q

reoccurance of rubra in 7-14 days may mean

A

healing of the placental site

116
Q

If wk 3-4 and still serosa or alba esp with fever, pan or tenderness this may mean

A

endometriosis

C &C (5 decks)

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