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Ap2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

Transport gases nutrients hormones and waste
Regulated ph and ions of interstitial fluid
Restricts fluid losses at injury sites
Defends against toxins and pathogens
Stabilizes body temperature

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2
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A

Plasma and the formed elements

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3
Q

What last every 120 days

A

RBC

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4
Q

What has 55% of blood?

A

Plasma

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5
Q

What is 45% of blood?

A

Formed elements

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6
Q

What is the temperature of blood?

A

100.4

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7
Q

What is the ph of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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8
Q

What is the amount of whole blood in female?

A

4-5 liters

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9
Q

What is the amount of whole blood on males?

A

5-6 liters

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10
Q

What are the blood types?

A

O
AB
Rh +
Rh -

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11
Q

What is the universal donor?

A

O

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12
Q

What is the universal receiver?

A

AB

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13
Q

What is it when a mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+ and causes the mother to develop Rh+

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

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14
Q

What is the lack of oxygen?

A

Anemia

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15
Q

What do not enough iron to make hemoglobin?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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16
Q

What is the low RBC due to no vitamin B12?

A

Pernicious anemia

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17
Q

What is the amino acid mutation in beta chain of hemoglobin causes cell to stiffen and curve and is painful to pass through the capillaries?

A

Sickle cell anemia

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18
Q

What is a heart attack due to clotting

A

MI- myocardial infarction

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19
Q

What is the inadequate production of the clotting factor due to a genetic disorder?

A

Hemophilia

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20
Q

What are the 5 types of WBC?

A

Monocyte and lymphocytes which are a granular and neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils which are granular

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21
Q

What are the specific WBC?

A

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

What are the nonspecific WBC?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes

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23
Q

What are 50-70% and are chemically natural she’d to stain with acidic or basic dyes?

A

Neutrophils

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24
Q

What is 2 to 4% and it’s stained with red dye also called acidophil’s?

A

Eosinophils 

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25
Q

What is one percent and is stained what is the basic dies with dark blue or purple in color? 

A

Basophils

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26
Q

What is 2 to 8% and it’s two times of red blood cells?

A

Monocytes

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27
Q

What is 20 to 30% is larger than red blood cells with a thin halo a cytoplasm around a large nucleus?

A

Lymphocytes

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28
Q

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

A

T cells B cells and NK cells

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29
Q

What kills bacteria a foreign infection and is cell mediated immunity

A

T cells

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30
Q

What kills all over the body in his humoral immunity?

A

B cells

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31
Q

What kills an abnormal tissue cells and it’s natural killer cells?

A

NK cells

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32
Q

What is low white blood cell?

A

Leukopenia

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33
Q

What is excessive white blood cells?

A

Leukocytosis

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34
Q

What last after 7 to 10 days clots blood and has round disc shaped and no nucleus?

A

Platelets

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35
Q

What prevents or stops blood

A

Hemostasis

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36
Q

What is the four clotting inhibitors?

A

Anticoagulants, heparin which prevents blood clotting in the veins, thrombomodulin Which activates pro Tien C which inactivates several clotting factors, and prostatocyelin which inhibits platelet aggregation

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37
Q

What are the three types of vessels?

A

Arteries veins and capillaries

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38
Q

What carries blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

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39
Q

What carries blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

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40
Q

What has a thin membrane vessels exchange vessels due to exchange gases with cells? 

A

Capillaries

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41
Q

What transports blood to and from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary circuit

42
Q

What transports blood to and from the rest of the body?

A

Systemic circuit

43
Q

What is located near the anterior chest wall?

A

The heart

44
Q

What is the anterior part of the heart

A

Apex

45
Q

What is the superior part of the heart

A

The base

46
Q

What is the extension of the atrium

A

The auricle 

47
Q

What surrounds the pericardial cavity

A

The pericardium

48
Q

What’s around the outside surface of the heart

A

Epicardium

49
Q

What is the middle layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

50
Q

What is the inner layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

51
Q

What is before the fetus is fully developed inside the womb the right atrium and left atrium are connected allowing blood flow through the what since lungs are developed but closes within 48 hours after birth

A

Foramen ovale 

52
Q

What is the blood flow of the heart

A

From the superior vena cava to the inferior vena cava to the right atrium to the right ventricle to the tricuspid valve to the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary semi lunar valve to the pulmonary trunk to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the bicuspid valve to the aorta to the aortic semi lunar valve

53
Q

What is the step one rapid depolarization step to the plateau and step three the repolarization

A

Contractile cell steps 

54
Q

What is a cell that won’t respond to second stimulus

A

The absolute refractory period

55
Q

What is a short time after absolute cell won’t respond to normal stimuli but will respond to greater stimuli

A

Relative refractory period

56
Q

What is heart rate times stroke volume

A

Cardiac output

57
Q

What is caused by the AV valve closing S1

A

Lubb 

58
Q

What is caused by closing of the SL valve

A

Dupp

59
Q

What is blood flowing into the ventricle

A

S3

60
Q

What is atrial contraction

A

S4

61
Q

What is untreated infection of strip throat by streptococcal infection and scars the valves and deteriorates the valves

A

Rheumatic fever 

62
Q

What is depolarization of the atria

A

P wave

63
Q

What is signals ventricle depolarization it contracts

A

QRS wave

64
Q

What signals ventricular repolarization it relaxes

A

T-wave

65
Q

What is the five steps of the conducting system

A

Step one the SA node activates step to the stimuli spreads the SA node across both atria and reaches the AV node Step three the stimuli is delayed for 100 ms then both atria contract step for the similar travels along interventricular septum within the AV bundle and branch into purging fibers The purging fibers distribute the stimuli to myocardium causing ventricles to contract

66
Q

What is the chamber that contracts blood and leaves the chamber

A

Systole

67
Q

What chamber relaxes the blood enters the chamber at rest

A

Diastole

68
Q

What are the phases of the cardiac cycle

A

Atrial diastole atrial systole ventricular diastole and ventricular systole

69
Q

What is relaxing and fills with blood while the AV open and blood enters the ventricle

A

Atrial diastole

70
Q

What is the atria contract pushing blood into the ventricles

A

Atrial systole

71
Q

What is it when it relaxes the SL valve closes the AV valve open blood enters the ventricles from the atria

A

Ventricular diastole

72
Q

What is it when the AV closes the SL opens in blood enters the arteries

A

Ventricular systole

73
Q

What is the innermost layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica interna

74
Q

What is the middle layer that contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle

A

Tunica media

75
Q

What is the outer most layer of the connective tissue

A

Tunica externa

76
Q

What has thick walls elastic fibers that recall causing lumen to constrict endothelial lining and keep cylindrical shape if stretch and is released then return to original shape

A

Arteries

77
Q

What collapses and contains valves prevent backflow of blood toward the capillaries

A

The veins

78
Q

What contracts

A

Vasoconstriction

79
Q

What relaxes

A

Vasodilation

80
Q

What carries blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

81
Q

What is smaller arteries

A

Arterials

82
Q

What is the smallest vessel and diffuses occurs between the blood in the interstitial fluid

A

Capillaries

83
Q

What has small veins unite to form the veins

A

Venules

84
Q

What are vessels which return blood to the heart

A

Veins

85
Q

What is it called when Artero pressure is 90 to 140

A

Blood pressure

86
Q

What is pressure in capillaries bed of 18 to 35

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

87
Q

What is pressure in venous system with 18

A

Venous pressure

88
Q

What is the largest of friction between blood and vessel walls

A

Vascular resistance

89
Q

What is the flow by components in a liquid

A

Visocity

90
Q

What is high blood flows irregular services and changes in vessel diameter

A

Turbulence

91
Q

What is immediate local homeostatic adjustments

A

Local auto regulation

92
Q

What heart center in medulla oblongata which can increase or decrease cardiac output

A

Neural mechanism

93
Q

What endocrine system provides both short and long-term regulation of cardiovascular performance

A

Hormonal regulation

94
Q

What hormones are released after renin is released

A

Angeostension 2

95
Q

What converts Angiostnson one to Angiostemsom two

A

Angeostension 

96
Q

What is released in response to decrease in blood volume

A

ADH

97
Q

What is produced by the right atrium due to excessive stretching of muscles during diastole

A

Naturetic peptide

98
Q

What is a cute circulatory cross is caused by low blood pressure in in adequate peripheral blood flow

A

Shock

99
Q

What is the calls bar of shock

A

Decreased carbon dioxide after blood loss damage to the heart external damage on a heart and extensive peripheral dilation

100
Q

What are the six symptoms of shock

A

Hypotension pale cold and clammy skin confusion and disoriented increase heart rate but awake pulse cessation of urine production and decrease in blood pH level

101
Q

What bulges in weakened wall of blood vessel our artery or heart chamber

A

Aneurysm

Ap2 (2 decks)

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