Test 2 Flashcards
Articles of Confederation take effect
1781
Northwest Ordinance
1787
U.S. Constitution ratified
1788
Eli Whitney manufactured the cotton gin
1793
Supreme Court issues Marbury v. Madison decision
Louisiana Purchase
1803
International slave trade ended in the United States
1808
Missouri Compromise
1819-1820
Erie Canal completed
1825
Andrew Jackson elected president
1828
Supreme Court issues Cherokee Nation v. Georgia decision
1831
Eastern Indians forced West on the “Trail of Tears”
1838-1839
Irish potato famine
1845
Alien and Sedition Acts (Date)
-1798
-Gave president extraordinary power to violate civil liberties
-Limited freedom of speech, press, and liberty of aliens
-The Naturalization Act changed the citizenship requirement for immigrants from 5 to 14 years
-Alien Friends Act allowed the president to jail and deport dangerous aliens
Jeffersonian Republicans
-Also known as Democratic Republicans or Republicans
-Mostly southerners
-Wanted to remain a rural nation of small farmers
-Distrusted the national government and interpreted the constitution strictly
-Led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Northwest Ordinance (Date)
-Third major land policy, passed in 1787
-New territories would eventually become states
-Slavery would be banned from the region North of the Ohio River
-Promised to not take Indian lands without consent (repeatedly broken)
-Once the territory’s population reached 60k free inhabitants the males could draft a constitution and apply to congress for statehood
Bank of the United States (Date)
-Created in 1791
-Held the government’s revenues and payed its bills
-Provided loans to the federal government
-manage the nation’s money supply by regulating the power of state chartered banks to issue currency
- Had eight branches in major cities a few years after creation
Marbury v. Madison
-1803
-Presided over by Chief Justice John Marshall
-Granted the Supreme Court the right of judicial review
-Marbury’s commission was not delivered
-Ruled Marbury deserved his judgeship
Louisiana Purchase
-May 2, 1803 US payed 15 mill for the territory
-Doubled the size of the US
-Constitution didn’t say anything purchasing land
-Jefferson flipped his side from strict interpretation to loose
-Purchase included 875,000 square miles of land
Hartford Convention (Date)
-December 15,1814
-Federalist delegates proposed seven constitutional amendments designed to limit Republican political power
-Abolish the counting of slaves towards representation
-Limiting the president to one term
-Federalist ideas were ignored by congress and the president
The Embargo Act of 1807
-Stopped all American foreign trade
-Prohibited US ships from sailing to foreign ports
-Enacted in order to protect US ships and seamen
-Neither France nor Britain were intimidated by the loss of trade
-Destroyed the US’s economy dropping the economy from 48 mill to 9 mill a year later
Erie Canal
-1825
-Connected the Great Lakes and the Midwest to the Hudson River and New York
-New York Governor DeWitt Clinton promoted the canal
-Longest canal in the world extending 363 miles
-Forty feet wide and four feet deep
Lowell System
-Sought to develop ideal industrial communities
-Led by Francis Cabot Lowell
-Located mills along rivers in the country side and lined the streets with trees and flowers (good working conditions)
-Young women from farm families were the first factory workers
-1834 the Lowell women went on strike to protest wage cuts and bad working conditions
Know-Nothings (Date)
-1849
-Known officially as the American Party
-When asked about the organization told to say “I know nothing”
-Demanded immigrants and Roman Catholics be excluded from public office
-Wanted naturalization to be extended from 5 to 21 years
Irish Immigrants
-First arrived in British America in significant numbers in 1720s
-Almost 80% of infants born to Irish died
-The average Irishman ate 5 pounds of potatoes a day
-Most were poor and crowed into filthy tenement houses
-Many employers posted signs saying “No Irish Need Apply”
Internal Improvements (Date)
-Construction of roads, bridges, canals, and harbors
-1817, John C Calhoun urged the house to fund internal improvements
-Nation needed a network of roads running east to west
-Federal power argued the constitution didn’t allow for the gov to fund these activities
-Support came from the West and opposition was centered in New England
Missouri Compromise
-Illinois senator Jesse Thomas revised the Missouri Compromise
-Admitted Missouri as a slave state
-Prohibited slavery in the Louisiana purchase territory north of latitude 36 30
-Admitted Maine as a free state
-Maintained the political balance of free and slave states
Monroe Doctrine (Date)
-American continents were not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any EU powers
-US would oppose any attempt by EU nations to impose their political power anywhere in the hemisphere
-US would not interfere with the remaining EU colonies
-US would keep out of EU Affairs
-December 1823
Corrupt Bargain
-Clay endorsed Adams to help him win the election
-Adams made Clay Secretary of State after he won
-Election of 1824
-Jackson won but did not have a majority of the voters
-American politics entered an era of bad feelings after the election results
Tariff of Abominations
-1828
-South Carolina blamed their economic problems on this tariff
-Taxed British textiles coming into the US markets
-Tariff on imported cloth hurt southern cotton growers by reducing British demand
-Favored NE textile over southern agriculture
Force Bill (Date)
-1833 (Calhoun)
-Authorized the use of the US army to force states to comply with federal law
-Created to solve the nullification crisis in SC
-Lead to the compromise tariff
-SC later nullified the force bill
Indian Removal Act (Date)
-May 1830
-Forced 74,000 to move to federal lands west of the Mississippi River
-Ignored previous treaties
-Cherokees responded by saying “we see nothing but ruin before us”
-Opponents said it would bring enduring shame on the nation
Trail of Tears
-800 mile forced journey
-17,000 Cherokees evicted and moved west
-4,000 died to disease, starvation, exposure
-Southern Appalachians to Indian territory
-1838 Martin Van Buren (president)
