Test 1 Flashcards
100
Hopewell culture flourishes in Ohio Valley
600
Hohokam culture flourishes in the Southwest
1565
Spain establishes St. Augustine
1607
Settlement of Jamestown
1620
Pilgrims found Plymouth Colony
1624
New Amsterdam founded by Dutch
1675
Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia
1732
Charter granted for colony of Georgia
1754
George Washington defeated at Fort Necessity
1763
Treaty of Paris ends Seven Years’ War
1765
Stamp Act passed
1770
Boston Massacre
1778
Americans and French form alliance
1781
Cornwallis defeated at Yorktown
Eastern Woodland People
Spread from Main to Florida and along the Gulf coast to Louisiana
Made up of Algonquian, Iroquoian, Muskogean
Muskogeans lived in towns ranged around a central plaza
Anual brush burning to improve soil fertility (Algonquian)
The women held the power in Iroquoian
Columbian Exchange
Brought plants, animals, and people from old world to new world
Brought diseases that killed off many indigenous people
New crops in America improved health and grew pop in Europe
By 1568, 80-90% of the indigenous people were killed by disease
Small pox called the great dying
Europe brought coffee, sugar cane, bananas, wheat
Encomienda System
Favored conquistadores
Conquistadores received large parcels of land
Spanish government
Indians lost land/put into poverty
Goal to christianize Indians/protect them in exchange for goods
Jamestown
Named in honor of the king
Marshy peninsula fed by saltwater
Journey took 5 months to get there
104 colonist arrived in May 1607
Indians kept colonist alive by exchanging goods
Roger Williams
Separatist
Bought land from Indians creating Rhode Island
First to allow complete religious freedom
Challenged John Winthrop’s brutal treatment of natives
Escaped deportation and found shelter with Narragansett Indians
Powhatan Confederacy
Dominated indigenous people in Chesapeake region
Farmers (corn)
lived in oval shaped houses
Ruled over several hundred villages (30 chiefdoms)
Traded with English for weapons
Middle Passage
Middle leg of triangular trade
Only allowed above deck twice a day
1 in 6 Africans died
1 in 10 ships experienced a revolt
Almost half of the slaves were transported to Brazil
Triangular Trade
NE merchants ship rum to west coast of Africa
NE merchants trade rum for slaves
Took slaves to Caribbean islands to sell
Caribbean trade molasses, fruit, sugar for EU goods
NE/NY bought more from England they exported to it
Staple Crop
Cash crop
Desired by England
Tobacco production soared
Created Dale’s Laws to ensure food supply
Rice cultivation grew
The Great Awakening
1730s worries of erosion of religion caused revivals
Spread up and down Atlantic Coast
Affected all 13 colonies (together)
Fueled popular denominations Baptist/Methodist
Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the hands of an angry god”
Navigation Acts
Created by Oliver Cromwell
Increased control over colonies
All goods be transported in English Ships
Intended to hurt Dutch
Nav Act of 1660 allowed tobacco to only be shipped to England
Daughters of Liberty
Stopped buying British clothes/tea
Participated in “spinning bees”
Herbs/flowers made liberty tea
Spun wool into fabric “homespun”
1769, Boston Evening Post “Industry of American ladies were enabling the political salvation of a whole continent
Salutary Neglect
British weakened enforcement of Nav Act
Enforcement too expensive
Convinced colonist they could avoid all regulations
King George I/II less interest in enforcement
Robert Walpole initiated it
Mercantilism
Gov’t controlled economic activities
Supported creation of global empires
Key industries regulated/taxed
People with specialized skills couldn’t leave country
Colonies enriched England
Oliver Cromwell
Alliance with France
Victory at Saratoga
Treaty of Alliance signed feb 6, 1778
Fight until America freedom won
Couldn’t conclude peace with British without consent of other
Guarantee the other’s possessions in America
Valley Forge
Time of intense suffering (Philly winter)
GW’s greatest leadership test
2,500 solider died
7,000 too ill for duty
Wilhelm and steuben taught war tactics and hygiene
