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CCP Ecology > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Topic 1: Classification

A

Cards 2-14

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2
Q

Taxonomy

A

study of identification and classification of living things

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3
Q

Classify to:

A
  • organize the diversity of life
  • make it easier to remember organisms’ traits when grouped
  • show relatedness between organisms
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4
Q

Classification pyramid
- Dr. King Phil Came Over For Great Soup

A

Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain

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5
Q

The three living things in domain is

A
  1. eukarya
  2. bacteria
  3. archaea (type of bacteria)
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6
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

identifies species using genus (1st) & species (2nd)
- genus name is capitalized
- name is italicized if typed, underlined if
handwritten

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7
Q

Scientific name benefits

A
  • no mistake about what the animal is
  • seldom change
  • universal
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8
Q

Biological species definition

A

ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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9
Q

Typological species definition

A

similar characteristics

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10
Q

Phylogenetic species definition

A

determined by evolutionary history

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11
Q

Morphological characters

A

physical features that distinguish species

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12
Q

Biochemical characters

A

differences in DNA sequences & chromosome #s that distinguish species

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13
Q

Dichotomous key

A

series of two questions in pairs that eventually lead to an organism as it’s answered

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14
Q

Cladogram

A

diagram that shows shared traits that have evolved over time
- animal above trait has listed trait
- closer 2 animals are, the more closely related
- traits listed before 1st animal are ancestral traits

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15
Q

Topic 2: Describing Populations

A

cards 16-32

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16
Q

Immi/Emigration

A

immigration = enters, population increases
emigration = exits, population decreases

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17
Q

Nata/Mortality

A

natality = births, population increases
mortality = deaths, population decreases

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18
Q

Carrying capacity

A

largest number of individuals that a given environment can support long term
- most populations fluctuate around CC
- can change

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19
Q

Population density

A

count of the # of individuals divided by the area

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20
Q

Limiting factor

A

keeps a population from continuing to increase indefinitely
- 2 types- density-dependent, density-independent

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21
Q

Density-dependent factors

A

depends on population size, usually biotic
- ex: predation, disease, competition, parasitism,
abiotic- natural disasters

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22
Q

Density-independent factors

A

affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size
- ex: human altercations of landscape, forest fire,
pollution

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23
Q

Logistic growth

A
  • population changes in a limited environment
  • organisms do NOT have all resources for success
  • population grows until it reaches carrying capacity
    equation: dN/dt = rN[(K-N)/K]
  • S-shaped curve
  • steeper slope/more individuals = faster growth
  • growth eventually slows until it levels off
  • limiting factors keep pop from continuing to grow
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24
Q

Exponential growth

A
  • population changes in an UNlimited environment
  • equation: dN/dt = rN
  • organisms have all resources for success
  • J-shaped curve
  • steeper slope/more individuals = faster growth
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25
Q

Reproductive patterns affect carrying capacity

A
  1. R-strategist
  2. K-strategist
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26
Q

R-strategist

A
  • environment: unpredictable
  • organism size: small
  • life span: short
  • offspring #: many w/ little energy spent in raising them
  • strategy: produce many offspring in little time to take advantage of favorable conditions
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27
Q

K-strategist

A
  • environment: predictable
  • organism size: large
  • life span: long
  • offspring #: few w/ lots energy spent in raising them
  • strategy: produce few offspring that have a better chance of surviving and reproducing
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28
Q

Population range

A

larger geographical area where a population exists

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29
Q

Dispersion/Dispersal patterns

A

physical arrangement of the individuals
- 3 types: even/uniform, clumped, random

30
Q

Even/uniform dispersion

A 
      ***
31
Q

Clumped dispersion

A 
      ***     *
32
Q

Random dispersion

A

*
* *

33
Q

Topic 3: Vocab

A

cards 34-40

34
Q

Organism

A

type of living thing

35
Q

Population

A

some type of living things

36
Q

Community

A

groups of populations

37
Q

Ecosystem

A

biotic and abiotic components of an environment

38
Q

Biome

A

large area defined by climate and vegetation

39
Q

Biosphere

A

all places on Earth where life exists

40
Q

Habitat

A

places where an organism lives

41
Q

Topic 4: Ecosystem and Biome Ecology

A

cards 42-52

42
Q

Community

A

group of different species that live in the same area and interact

43
Q

Pioneer species

A

the first species to arrive at a disturbed area

44
Q

Range of tolerance

A

upper and lower limit of an environmental factor that defines the conditions in which a species can survive

45
Q

Ecological succession

A

change in an ecosystem when one community replaces another
- 2 types: primary (no topsoil) and secondary (soil)

46
Q

Primary succession

A

pioneer species breaks down rocks using enzymes to form soil
- sequence of events: pioneers colonize - pioneers die - organic matter to soil - small weeds/ferns grow - soil builds - shrubs grow

47
Q

Secondary succession

A

orderly and predictable change that occurs when community is removed but soil is intact
- pioneer species are plants
- often occurs after floods, earthquakes, fires

48
Q

Climax community

A

mature and stable community that changed little over time

49
Q

Weather

A

atmospheric conditions of a specific area at a specific time

50
Q

Climate

A

average atmospheric conditions of a specific area

51
Q

Biome

A

group of ecosystems with similar climates and similarly adapted organisms

52
Q

Climatograph

A

climate graph
- months on x-axis
- precipitation & temperature on y-axis
- bars represent precip and line represent temp

53
Q

Topic 5: Community Interactions

A

cards 54-64

54
Q

Symbiosis

A

any relationship in which two species live closely together

55
Q

Mutualism

A

symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms both benefit from their interactions: +,+

56
Q

Commensalism

A

symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms where one benefits and the other isn’t affected: +,0

57
Q

Amensalism

A

symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms where one harms another w/o any costs/benefits to itself: 0,-

58
Q

Parasitism

A

symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms where one benefits and the other is harmed: +,-

59
Q

Predation

A

one organism (predator), kills & consumes another organism (prey) for food & gaining energy: +,killed

60
Q

Competition

A

rivalry between/among living things for a limited resource: -,-

61
Q

Intra/Interspecific

A

intra = the same species
inter = different species

62
Q

Niche

A

role/job in the community

63
Q

Niche partitioning

A

process that occurs when competing species show different patterns of resource use

64
Q

Ways to partition

A

size, altitude, time

65
Q

Topic 6: Biodiversity

A

cards 66-71

66
Q

Biodiversity

A

variety of life
- 3 types: genetic, species, ecosystem

67
Q

Genetic diversity

A

variety of genes/inheritable traits in a population

68
Q

Species diversity

A

variety of different organisms in an area

69
Q

Species richness

A

how many different species are present

70
Q

Species evenness

A

relative amount of each species

71
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

variety of different ecosystems in an area
- regions closer to equator have more eco diversity

CCP Ecology (4 decks)

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