Test 2 Flashcards
Refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep certain body variables within a fixed range.
Homeostasis
Refers to a single value that the body works to maintain.
A set point
Processes that reduce discrepancies from the set point.
Negative feedback
Refers to the adaptive way in which the body changes its set point in response to changes in life or the environment.
Allostasis
The energy used to maintain a constant body temperature while at rest.
Basal metabolism
What two hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and Vasopressin
What hormones does the anterior pituitary release?
ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, Prolactin, and GH.
Actually, the fish liked praising god.
What controls the amount of hormone released, influencing the hypothalamus to decrease their secretion?
Feedback loops
What 3 nutrients are specialized forms of energy reserves?
Lipids, Amino acids, and Glucose
What conveys information about the stretching of the stomach walls to the brain?
The vagus nerve
What conveys information about the nutrient contents of the stomach?
The splanchnic nerves
What two pancreas hormones have control over food intake?
Insulin and Glucagon
What is secreted between meals, when tissue needs energy?
Glucagon
What hormone is secreted from the duodenum and sends a satiety signal to the brain?
CCK, or Cholecystokinin
What peptide is produced by adipose tissue and is associated with activity and reduced eating?
Leptin
Failure to eat, either due to unwillingness or motor difficulty.
Aphagia
The “feeding center” of the hypothalamus.
The lateral hypothalamus or LH
The “satiety center” of the hypothalamus.
The ventromedial hypothalamus or VMH
What part of the hypothalamus controls meal size?
The paraventricular nucleus, or PVN
A thirst resulting from eating salty foods.
Osmotic thirst
A thirst resulting from loss of fluids due to bleeding or sweating.
Hypovolemic thirst
What is the anti-diuretic hormone?
Vasopressin, or VP
What areas of the brain are predominantly involved in body temperature regulation?
The preoptic area and the anterior hypothalamus
What method of temperature regulation do cold blooded critters use?
Poikilothermic
Study of the ways drugs affect the nervous system and behavior.
Psychopharmacology
What are the weak points in the BBB?
The area postrema, the pineal gland, and the pituitary.
The tendency of a drug to activate the receptor.
Efficacy
What is a recreationally used adenosinergic antagonist?
Caffeine
Cocaine and meth are recreationally used drugs of what primary transmitter system?
Dopaminergic Agonists
Nearsightedness in decision making is called what?
Behavioral myopia
Where is the decision to take a drug made?
The frontal cortex
Which form of alcoholism is earlier onset?
Type II
Why can glutamate-like drugs be toxic?
Excitotoxicity, which excites a cell to death
What is the genotype of Turner Syndrome?
X0
What is the genotype of Klinefelter’s?
XXY
When do most organizing effects occur?
At sensitive stages of development.
