test 2

Question 1

Two main types of observations

Answer 1

covert and overt

Question 2

covert

Answer 2

undercover, ppl being observe cannot see you

Question 3

overt

Answer 3

plain in sight

Question 4

two types of overt

Answer 4

1. they can see you
2. working/participating with them

Question 5

Advantages to observation ( covert/overt)

Answer 5

1. real-time as it is happening
2. less influence if hidden
3. the honest natural environment
4. no reaction

Question 6

disadvantages to observation(overt/covert)

Answer 6

1. if they can see you, they will act differently
2. is it ethical
3. can’t control the environment
4. no random assignment
5. replication can be difficult
6. bias in with you write down
7. might miss behavior
8. no why? no cause or effect

Question 7

what can we do to make observation more scientific?

Answer 7

1. only measure certain behavior because of effect categories
2. time category: only at certain times do you record data.
3. certain location/ can record it
4. have multiple ppl watching data

Question 8

how could you be biased when writing down your data?

Answer 8

1. want to support the hypothesis
2. error of severity- to severe or strict
3. error of central tendency- neutral (playing it safe)
4. error of leniency-too easy

Question 9

field study (similar to observation)

Answer 9

out in the field collecting data

Question 10

advantages of field study

Answer 10

1. a lot of information
2. in natural enviorment
3. hands-on participating

Question 11

disadvantages of field study

Answer 11

1. too much work in variables
2. too much going on
3. cant control or keep straight study

Question 12

advantages of archives

Answer 12

1. a lot of information
2. comparison or predictions
3. data is already there/been recorded for you

Question 13

disadvantages of archives

Answer 13

1. harder to access (confidential)
2. expensive(pay someone)
3. time-consuming
4. lost records or destroy
5. false records or incomplete

Question 14

Archives

Answer 14

used records to collect data
1. expose facto: after the event
examples: journals, medical records, public records(birth/death)) school records passed interviews, DNA, and newspapers

Question 15

what is an important variable in psychology

Answer 15

Time

Question 16

longitudinal approach

Answer 16

researchers conduct several observations of the same subjects over a period of time, sometimes lasting many years.

Question 17

advantages of the longitudinal approach

Answer 17

1. same subject/control
2. see how they change overtime(variable)
3. slight behavior
4. affect them overtime or not(long term affects)
5. milestone- something major

Question 18

disadvantages of the longitudinal approach

Answer 18

1. people drop out
2. expensive
3. time-consuming
4. lots of variables to consider
5. get used to testing
6. something major can happen that impacts your study ex. covid/pandemic

Question 19

three types of time study are

Answer 19

1. longitudinal
2. cross-sectional
3. cohort sequential design

Question 20

cross-sectional

Answer 20

test more than one study

Question 21

cohort sequential design

Answer 21

merge first two
test 1 group over 2 years
developmental research designs that include elements of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Question 22

benefits of a cross-sectional study

Answer 22

1. lot of information
2. allows researchers to compare many different variables at the same time

Question 23

Drawbacks of a cross-sectional study

Answer 23

1. cold hard effect- generations effect
2. type of questions asked
3. if you use senior citizen they can get tired